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. 2021 Feb 1;12(1):261–276. doi: 10.14336/AD.2020.0323

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copyright: © 2021 Ju et al.

this is an open access article distributed under the terms of the creative commons attribution license, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed.

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Figure 2. — Iron metabolism of ferroptosis. Intracellular iron is imported and exported outside the cells by ferroportin. Iron is stored by ferritin, which can be degraded by NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy. In addition, Hmox1 catalyzes heme degradation and releases iron. Excess iron induces ROS production by the Fenton reaction to initiate ferroptosis. NRF2: erythroid 2-related factor 2; Hmox1: heme oxygenase-1; ROS: reactive oxygen species; DFO: deferoxamine; DMT1: divalent metal transporter 1; STEAP3: STEAP family member 3; TfR1: transferrin receptor 1; NCOA4: nuclear receptor coactivator 4; NRF2: erythroid 2-related factor 2; Hmox1: heme oxygenase-1; ROS: reactive oxygen species; DFO: deferoxamine; DMT1: divalent metal transporter 1; STEAP3: STEAP family member 3; TfR1: transferrin receptor 1.