Fig. 4. Comparison of the separation performances of the prepared carbon hollow fiber membranes (CHFMs) with state-of-the-art H₂/CO₂ separation membranes.

Comparison of gas separation performance of CHFMs developed in this work with state-of-the-art organic and inorganic membrane materials tested at 130–200 °C. The solid line is the 2008 Robeson upper bound⁴⁴. The permeabilities of the developed CHFMs were based on a selective layer thickness of 3 μm. The details are given in Supplementary Table 4.