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. 2021 Jan 11;11:461. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-80601-w

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Measurement of FMD. The baseline diameter (D1) between the proximal and distal intima was recorded before RH. The Cuff was inflated at 200 mmHg during 5 min. Immediately after brachial artery ischemia, the diameter post RH (D2) was recorded. The release of cuff should cause increased flow to the region, promoting increased shear stress, greater release of nitric oxide and, consequently, vasodilation. FMD was expressed as the change in percentage: [(baseline diameter − diameter post RH)/baseline diameter × 100] and absolute (diameter post RH − baseline diameter).