Figure 1.

Experimental schematic and schedules. (a) The mice were administered Aβ42 oligomer via ICV using stereotaxic instrument with acceptable injection range (− 0.9 mm posterior, 1.7 mm right lateral, and 2.2 mm depth from bregma). Top view of the whole brain and coronal section show bilateral lateral ventricles filled with trypan blue. Two days before and three days after the Aβ42 injection, Y-maze test and NORT were performed to determine whether the Aβ42 induced Alzheimer’s disease status. After ICV administration, experimental groups were treated rTMS for 2 weeks while the control group did not receive rTMS. At the end of each week of intervention, Y-maze test and NORT were repeated. (b) Design and picture of an automatic Y-maze test system with an ARDUINO. Wiring diagram was drawn using FRITZING.ORG (developed by Friends-of-Fritzing, Germany) for the Arduino UNO microcontroller connected to three sonar sensors programmed to sensing either distance or location. Aβ42 amyloid beta 42 oligomer, ICV intracerebroventricular injection, NORT novel object recognition task, rTMS repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation.