Table 3.
Comparison of the symptoms profiles during lifetime between BD-I and BD-II patients.
| Symptoms during manic/hypomanic episodes | BD-I | N | BD-II | N | P | OR | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hyperactivity | 252 (100) | 252 | 75 (100) | 75 | |||
| Talkativeness | 252 (100) | 252 | 73 (97.33) | 75 | |||
| Flight of idea | 236 (99.58) | 237 | 68 (97.14) | 70 | |||
| Inflated grandiosity | 248 (99.20) | 250 | 73 (97.33) | 75 | |||
| Decreased need for sleep | 251 (99.60) | 252 | 72 (96.00) | 75 | |||
| Inattention | 239 (95.60) | 250 | 64 (85.33) | 75 | 7.19 × 10−04 | 4.79 | 1.93–11.88 |
| Reckless behavior | 166 (66.13) | 251 | 9 (12.16) | 73 | 3.95 × 10−13 | 13.48 | 6.68–27.20 |
| Delusions | 217 (87.85) | 247 | 0 | 75 | |||
| Hallucinations | 20 (8.16) | 245 | 0 | 75 |
| Symptoms during depressive episodes | BD-I | N | BD-II | N | P | OR | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Appetite change | 240 (96.38) | 249 | 70 (93.33) | 75 | 0.25 | 1.80 | 0.66–4.94 |
| Loss of appetite or weight | 209 (90.87) | 230 | 67 (93.05) | 72 | 0.61 | 0.76 | 0.27–2.15 |
| Increased appetite or weight | 15 (6.52) | 230 | 5 (6.94) | 72 | 0.91 | 1.05 | 0.46–2.37 |
| Sleep change | 245 (98.39) | 249 | 73 (97.33) | 75 | |||
| Early morning awakening | 176 (79.64) | 221 | 48 (67.60) | 71 | 0.030 | 1.82 | 1.06–3.11 |
| Hypersomnia | 5 (2.16) | 231 | 2 (2.78) | 72 | |||
| Psychomotor alterations | 243 (97.59) | 249 | 72 (96.00) | 75 | |||
| Fatigue or tiredness | 248 (99.60) | 249 | 74 (98.67) | 75 | |||
| Diminished libido | 236 (97.52) | 242 | 71 (94.96) | 74 | |||
| Guilt | 215 (86.34) | 249 | 63 (84.00) | 75 | 0.97 | 1.02 | 0.36–2.91 |
| Difficult thinking or indecisiveness | 241 (96.79) | 249 | 72 (96.00) | 75 | 0.15 | 2.18 | 0.75–6.34 |
| Suicidal ideation | 222 (89.15) | 249 | 57 (72.00) | 75 | 4.09 × 10−03 | 2.51 | 1.34–4.70 |
| Loss of pleasure | 221 (95.26) | 232 | 69 (95.83) | 72 | 0.98 | 1.02 | 0.24–4.36 |
| Lack of reactivity | 149 (64.78) | 230 | 44 (61.11) | 72 | 0.81 | 1.07 | 0.63–1.80 |
| Different feeling of sadness | 206 (94.49) | 218 | 68 (94.44) | 72 | 0.88 | 1.10 | 0.32–3.72 |
| Morning worsening | 175 (76.75) | 228 | 46 (63.89) | 72 | 0.025 | 1.86 | 1.08–3.21 |
| Excessive guilt | 196 (84.48) | 232 | 59 (81.94) | 72 | 0.65 | 1.24 | 0.49–3.13 |
| Leaden paralysis | 103 (44.59) | 231 | 24 (33.33) | 72 | 0.05 | 1.81 | 1.00–3.27 |
| Delusions | 35 (14.11) | 248 | 3 (4.00) | 75 | 3.56 × 10−03 | 4.80 | 1.67–13.78 |
| Hallucinations | 28 (11.29) | 248 | 2 (2.67) | 75 | 0.021 | 5.57 | 1.29–24.04 |
BD bipolar disorder, n valid sample size for the variable, OR odds ratio, 95% CI 95% confidence interval. Bonferroni-corrected threshold for significance: α = 0.05/37 = 1.35 × 10−03.
BD type was the independent variable in all models. Sample size (N) and percentage are provided for categorical variables. Significant variables are labeled in bold font. To allow for a stable fit, models were only calculated for variables that contained ≥10 individuals per variable category. Variables without test coefficients (P, OR, CI) did not meet this requirement.