Table 3.
Percussion exercises. For each percussion exercise, the movements involved, and the rhytmic pattern and tempo that can be asked to the participant is presented
| Instrument | Movement | Rhythmic patterns | Tempo |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tambourine with beater | Shoulder flexion/extension (shoulder at 90° and elbow at 0°) | 1, 2, 3 | 30 |
| Shoulder internal/external rotation and elbow flexion/extension (elbow at 90°) | 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8 | 40 | |
| Wrist flexion/extension (shoulder at 0° and elbow at 0°) | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 | 60 | |
| Tambourine | Shoulder abduction/adduction (elbow at 0°) | 1, 2, 3 | 30 |
| Shoulder abduction/adduction (elbow at 0°) | 1, 2, 3 | 30 | |
| Wrist flexion/extension (shoulder at 0° and elbow at 0°) | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 | 60 | |
| Forearm supination/pronation (shoulder at 0° and elbow at 90°) | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 | 60 | |
| Forearm supination/pronation (shoulder at 90° and elbow at 0°) | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 | 60 | |
| Maracas | Elbow flexion/extension (shoulder at 0°) | 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 | 50 |
| Wrist flexion/extension (shoulder at 0° and elbow at 90°) | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 | 60 | |
| Güiro | Elbow flexion/extension (no gravity) | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 | 60 |
| Rainstick* | Forearm supination/pronation (shoulder at 90° and elbow at 0°) | – | – |
| Egg Shaker | Elbow flexion/extension (shoulder at 0°) | 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 | 50 |
| Elbow flexion/extension (no gravity) | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 | 60 | |
| Wrist flexion/extension (shoulder at 0° and elbow at 90°) | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 | 60 | |
| Castanets | Fingers mass flexion/extension (shoulder at 0° and elbow at 90°) | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8 | 60, 70 |
| Djembe | Wrist flexion/extension (shoulder at 0° and elbow at 90°) | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 | 60, 70 |
| Elbow flexion/extension (shoulder at 0° and elbow at 90°) | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 | 50 |