Table 2.
Revised estimate for the association between one SD increase in genetically predicted serum 25(OH)D and cancer risk using UK Biobank 25(OH)D instruments.
| Cancers | Revised heterogeneity-adjusted estimate using all UKB 25(OH)D instruments | Revised heterogeneity-adjusted estimate using all UKB 25(OH)D instruments | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SNPs | OR (95% CI) | P-value | SNPs | OR (95% CI) | P-value | Detected outliers via MR-PRESSO | |
| BEEA | 6 | 1.04 (0.88–1.23) | 0.65 | 76 | 0.98 (0.85–1.14) | 0.98 | 0 |
| BE | 6 | 1.12 (0.86–1.44) | 0.4 | 76 | 1.00 (0.84–1.18) | 0.97 | 0 |
| EA | 6 | 0.90 (0.72–1.13) | 0.36 | 76 | 0.97 (0.78–1.20) | 0.76 | 0 |
| Breast cancer | 6 | 1.01 (0.96–1.06) | 0.68 | 74 | 1.03 (0.97–1.09) | 0.38 | 5 |
| ER + breast cancer | 6 | 1.00 (0.95–1.07) | 0.88 | 74 | 1.04 (0.97–1.12) | 0.3 | 5 |
| ER- breast cancer | 6 | 1.00 (0.91–1.09) | 0.94 | 74 | 1.01 (0.92–1.12) | 0.38 | 5 |
| Endometrial cancer | 5 | 0.92 (0.81–1.05) | 0.24 | 75 | 0.95 (0.83–1.09) | 0.46 | 2 |
| EC | 5 | 0.93 (0.79–1.08) | 0.33 | 75 | 0.93 (0.81–1.08) | 0.36 | 1 |
| NEEC | 5 | 0.89 (0.61–1.31) | 0.55 | 75 | 1.02 (0.76–1.36) | 0.91 | 0 |
| Lung Cancer | 5 | 1.16 (0.88–1.54) | 0.29 | 65 | 0.94 (0.78–1.13) | 0.5 | 0 |
| LAC | 5 | 1.17 (0.80–1.72) | 0.41 | 65 | 0.91 (0.67–1.18) | 0.462 | 0 |
| SCLC | 5 | 1.03 (0.83–1.29) | 0.77 | 65 | 0.97 (0.76–1.26) | 0.843 | 0 |
| Melanoma | 5 | 1.04 (0.89–1.20) | 0.64 | 69 | 1.05 (0.90–1.23) | 0.55 | 1 |
| NMSC SCC^ | 6 | 0.96 (0.80–1.15) | 0.64 | 77 | 1.02 (0.88–1.19) | 0.77 | 0 |
| NMSC BCC^ | 6 | 1.08 (0.92–1.28) | 0.35 | 77 | 1.16 (1.04–1.28) | 0.01 | 1 |
| Neuroblastoma | 2 | 0.62 (0.27–1.41) | 0.25 | 26 | 0.74 (0.42–1.29) | 0.29 | 0 |
| Epithelial ovarian cancer | 6 | 0.92 (0.83–1.02) | 0.12 | 76 | 0.89 (0.82–0.96) | 0.02 | 0 |
| Clear Cell | 6 | 0.87 (0.63–1.20) | 0.39 | 76 | 0.87 (0.64–1.18) | 0.36 | 0 |
| Endometrioid | 6 | 1.00 (0.80–1.27) | 0.97 | 76 | 0.94 (0.77–1.15) | 0.55 | 0 |
| High-Grade serous | 6 | 0.91 (0.81–1.04) | 0.16 | 76 | 0.92 (0.82–1.03) | 0.15 | 0 |
| Low-Grade serous | 6 | 1.05 (0.71–1.54) | 0.82 | 76 | 0.99 (0.71–1.37) | 0.94 | 0 |
| Mucinous | 6 | 0.94 (0.74–1.20) | 0.62 | 76 | 0.94 (0.74–1.18) | 0.59 | 0 |
| Pancreatic cancer | 2 | 1.10 (0.52–2.33) | 0.81 | 27 | 0.95 (0.54–1.69) | 0.87 | 0 |
| Prostate cancer | 5 | 1.02 (0.93–1.14) | 0.65 | 75 | 1.11 (0.93–1.33) | 0.25 | 1 |
ER refers to oestrogen receptor status. EC and NEEC endometrial cancer refer to the endometrioid and non-endometrioid endometrial cancer subtypes. Revised estimates derived using the MR-PRESSO model which corrects for heterogeneity among SNP-effect sizes and outliers. Revised OR estimates reflect a 1 SD change in genetically predicted serum 25(OH)D concentration, which roughly translates to a 20-nmol/L change in 25(OH)D in the UK Biobank. All P-values derived from z-scores are two-sided and unadjusted for multiple comparison unless otherwise stated.
BE Barrett’s oesophagus. EA oesophageal adenocarcinoma. SCC squamous cell carcinoma. BCC basal cell carcinoma. LAC lung adenomacarcinoma. SCLC squamous cell lung cancer. NMSC non-melanoma skin cancer. SCC squamous cell carcinoma. BCC basal cell carcinoma.