Table 2.
Characteristics of the benign and malignant breast lesions in the development cohort.
| Characteristic | Benign (n = 256) |
Malignant (n = 43) |
Univariable odds ratio (95% CI) | Univariable P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (y) | 44 ± 11 (19–78) | 54 ± 13 (22–81) | 1.1 (1.0, 1.1) | < .001 |
| Size on US (cm) | 1.1 ± 0.5 (0.4–3.2) | 1.3 ± 0.9 (0.4–3.2) | 1.5 (0.9, 2.4) | .124 |
| Radiologist’s BI-RADS assessment | ||||
| 3 | 83 (32.4) | 1 (2.3) | Reference | |
| ≥ 4A | 173 (67.6) | 42 (97.7) | 20.2 (2.7, 148.9) | .003 |
| Quantitative morphology scores from the DL-CAD software | ||||
| Characteristic | ||||
| Descriptor | ||||
| Shape | ||||
| Round | 0.01 (0, 0.05) | 0.01 (0, 0.08) | 0.6 (0, 11.3) | .734 |
| Oval | 0.77 (0.36, 0.93) | 0.15 (0.05, 0.51) | 0.04 (0.01, 0.14) | < .001 |
| Irregular | 0.12 (0.03, 0.49) | 0.82 (0.44, 0.92) | 18.6 (6.3, 54.8) | < .001 |
| Orientation | ||||
| Parallel | 0.99 (0.95, 0.99) | 0.72 (0.24, 0.96) | 0.03 (0.01, 0.1) | < .001 |
| Not parallel | 0.01 (0, 0.05) | 0.28 (0.05, 0.76) | 30.9 (9.4, 101.0) | < .001 |
| Margin | ||||
| Circumscribed | 0.98 (0.41, 0.99) | 0.11 (0, 0.84) | 0.2 (0.1, 0.4) | < .001 |
| Indistinct | 0 (0, 0.05) | 0.02 (0, 0.46) | 2.3 (0.8, 6.6) | .107 |
| Spiculated | 0 (0, 0) | 0 (0, 0.01) | 9.6 (1.2, 80.9) | .037 |
| Angular | 0 (0, 0) | 0 (0, 0) | 1.2 (0.04, 38.9) | .902 |
| Microlobulated | 0.01 (0, 0.07) | 0.16 (0.01, 0.72) | 6.5 (2.4, 17.5) | < .001 |
| Posterior features | ||||
| No | 0.44 (0.18, 0.71) | 0.58 (0.20, 0.78) | 2.1 (0.7, 6.3) | .195 |
| Enhancement | 0.38 (0.12, 0.72) | 0.14 (0.01, 0.30) | 0.1 (0.03, 0.4) | < .001 |
| Shadowing | 0 (0, 0.01) | 0.01 (0, 0.32) | 4.1 (1.4, 12.3) | .011 |
| Combined | 0 (0, 0) | 0 (0, 0.02) | 2.0 (0.3, 13.4) | .465 |
| Echo pattern | ||||
| Anechoic | 0 (0, 0) | 0 (0, 0) | 1.1 (0.9, 1.2) | .281 |
| Hyperechoic | 0 (0, 0) | 0 (0, 0) | 3.9 (0, 836.3) | .618 |
| Complex | 0 (0, 0) | 0 (0, 0) | 0.4 (0, 37.2) | .671 |
| Hypoechoic | 0.84 (0.19, 0.98) | 0.91 (0.28, 0.99) | 1.7 (0.7, 4.2) | .292 |
| Isoechoic | 0.05 (0, 0.46) | 0.01 (0, 0.29) | 0.6 (0.2, 1.7) | .312 |
| Heterogeneous | 0 (0, 0) | 0 (0, 0.03) | 2.7 (0.6, 12.9) | .213 |
BI-RADS, Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System, CI, confidence interval, DL-CAD, deep learning-based computer-aided diagnosis.
Data for the age and size are expressed in terms of the mean ± standard deviation (ranges). Data for the BI-RADS final assessment are presented as numbers (percentages). Data for quantitative morphologic scores from the DL-CAD software are presented as median (25th percentile, 75th percentile).