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. 2021 Jan 11;11:316. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-79604-4

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Reduced leptin promoter methylation was confirmed in newborn and preschool-age children born to high-mTG-level mothers. (A) The overall methylation of the leptin promoter in male umbilical cord blood lymphocytes from the low- and high-mTG-level groups (n = 3 for each group). (B) The overall methylation of the leptin promoter in lymphocytes of male preschool-age children from the low- and high-mTG-level groups (n = 3 for each group). (C) Bisulfite sequencing was used to measure methylation levels of individual CpG sites within the leptin promoter in umbilical cord blood lymphocytes from the low- and high-mTG-level groups. (D) Methylation levels of individual CpG sites within the leptin promoter in lymphocytes of preschool-age children from the low- and high-mTG-level groups. (E) DNMT1 and TET1 mRNA levels in umbilical cord blood lymphocytes from the low- and high-mTG-level groups (n = 12 for each group). (F) DNMT1 and TET1 mRNA levels in lymphocytes of preschool-aged children from the low- and high-mTG-level groups (n = 12 for each group). Values are expressed as means ± SEs, ***p < 0.0001, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05, compared to the corresponding control.