Table 1.

Representative digital health-related factors that can be used in diabetes and metabolic diseases

Classification	Example
Pre-clinical condition
Assessment of daily activity	Activity tracker, heart rate, electrocardiogram, sleep quality
Evaluation of eating habits	Evaluation of meal time, frequency, total food intake, and calorie pursuing automation with the “food lens” function
Weight reduction/diabetes prevention	Obesity management applications, online diabetes prevention program interventions
Digital health for people with diabetes mellitus
Patient education	Evidence-based reference materials, Chatbot service
Advanced blood glucose measurement	Continuous glucose monitoring systems
Improvement of medication adherence	Oral medication with biosensor, insulin dose calculator, digital insulin pen
Evaluation and management of complications	Screening of retinopathy, and foot ulcer, detection and/or prediction of fall, hypertension management, home urinalysis
Direct involvement from healthcare professionals	Remote blood glucose monitoring, human coaching
Remote clinical trial	‘ResearchKit’, mSToPs study