Table 3.
Characteristics according to A-FABP tertile levels
| Characteristic | Tertiles of A-FABP levels, μg/L |
P for trend | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 (<12.25 [men], <18.68 [women]) | 2 (12.25–19.44 [men], 18.68–30.13 [women]) | 3 (>19.44 [men], >30.13[women]) | ||
| Age, yr | 51.2±8.0 | 52.4±8.9 | 54.1±10.5 | 0.005 |
| Diabetes duration, yr | 4.8±4.6 | 5.2±4.7 | 6.8±5.6 | <0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 25.7±3.2 | 25.3±2.8 | 25.5±3.4 | 0.50 |
| WC, cm | 88.5 ±7.8 | 87.6±6.8 | 88.6±7.8 | 0.97 |
| WHR | 0.9±0.0 | 0.9±0.0 | 0.9±0.1 | 0.65 |
| SBP, mm Hg | 125.4±14.2 | 124.8±14.1 | 123.5±14.2 | 0.23 |
| DBP, mm Hg | 78.5±9.7 | 77.3±10.3 | 76.7±9.9 | 0.12 |
| Hypertension | 60 (40.3) | 52 (34.7) | 69 (46.0) | 0.14 |
| Dyslipidemia | 43 (29.3) | 41 (27.5) | 44 (29.5) | 0.92 |
| CVD | 5 (5.1) | 4 (3.9) | 8 (8.2) | 0.39 |
| Diabetic retinopathy | 32 (25.2) | 30 (24.2) | 34 (27.1) | 0.58 |
| HbA1c, % | 7.8±1.5 | 8.1±1.7 | 7.9±1.7 | 0.50 |
| FPG, mg/dL | 148.8±46.6 | 151.9±51.1 | 149.4±48.1 | 0.92 |
| PP2 glucose, mg/dL | 284.0±99.7 | 272.4±97.7 | 282.4±101.4 | 0.93 |
| HOMA-IR, unit | 2.4 (1.5 to 4.0) | 3.0 (1.9 to 4.7) | 2.6 (1.8 to 4.5) | 0.79 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 181.5±42.3 | 190.1±41.2 | 182.3±36.3 | 0.88 |
| Triglyceride, mg/dL | 169.9±120.7 | 161.4±95.4 | 174.7±125.6 | 0.72 |
| HDL-C, mg/dL | 47.8±10.7 | 46.6±10.4 | 46.8±9.9 | 0.39 |
| LDL-C, mg/dL | 118.6±38.9 | 126.3±34.3 | 120.1±35.8 | 0.71 |
| hs-CRP, mg/dL | 0.08 (0.04 to 0.18) | 0.10 (0.05 to 0.19) | 0.10 (0.06 to 0.22) | 0.08 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 87.1±15.3 | 86.6±14.7 | 83.6±14.6 | 0.04 |
| eGFR slope, %/yr | –1.5 (–2.8 to 0.0) | –2.0 (–3.3 to –0.5) | –2.1 (–4.0 to –0.4) | 0.03 |
| UACR, mg/g | 20.0 (9.1 to 32.5) | 14.0 (8.2 to 30.0) | 19.4 (11.6 to 38.6) | 0.46 |
| Albuminuria | 0.35 | |||
| Normoalbuminuria | 107 (74.3) | 109 (74.1) | 98 (66.2) | |
| Microalbuminuria | 34 (23.6) | 36 (24.5) | 44 (29.7) | |
| Macroalbuminuria | 3 (2.1) | 2 (1.4) | 6 (4.1) | |
| Rapid renal function decliners | 19 (12.7) | 25 (16.6) | 38 (25.2) | 0.016 |
| Diabetes medications | ||||
| Metformin | 107 (71.8) | 107 (71.3) | 116 (77.3) | 0.43 |
| Sulfonylurea | 65 (43.6) | 73 (48.7) | 69 (46.0) | 0.68 |
| TZD | 22 (14.8) | 19 (12.7) | 15 (10.0) | 0.46 |
| Insulin | 17 (11.4) | 20 (13.3) | 25 (16.7) | 0.41 |
| Use of ACEi/ARB | 64 (43.0) | 47 (31.3) | 65 (43.3) | 0.05 |
| A-FABP, µg/L | 9.84 (8.42 to 11.85) | 17.32 (14.36 to 20.45) | 30.36 (22.07 to 38.90) | < 0.001 |
| Total adiponectin, µg/mL | 3.89 (2.84 to 6.17) | 3.68 (2.72 to 5.55) | 3.94 (2.99 to 6.12) | 0.45 |
| HMW adiponectin, µg/mL | 1.29 (0.59 to 2.59) | 1.22 (0.60 to 2.39) | 1.35 (0.67 to 2.66) | 0.87 |
| Interleukin-6, pg/mL | 0.87 (0.54 to 1.53) | 0.93 (0.57 to 1.47) | 0.87 (0.59 to 1.42) | 1.00 |
| TNF-α, pg/mL | 1.31 (0.87 to 2.07) | 1.28 (0.83 to 1.94) | 1.21 (0.76 to 2.16) | 0.57 |
| PTX3, ng/mL | 1.31 (0.62 to 2.24) | 1.22 (0.79 to 2.20) | 1.37 (0.91 to 2.13) | 0.25 |
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation, number (%), median (interquartile range).
A-FABP, adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein; BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; WHR, waist hip ratio; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; CVD, cardiovascular disease; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; PP2, 2-hour post prandial; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; UACR, urine albumin creatinine ratio; TZD, thiazolidinedione; ACEi, angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin II-receptor blocker; HMW, high molecular weight adiponectin; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; PTX3, pentraxin-3.