Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of people with COVID-19 and matched control subjects between January 28 and April 5
| Characteristic | Control subjects (n=50,587) | COVID-19 (n=10,069) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Male sex | 20,178 (39.89) | 4,019 (39.9) | 0.9688 |
|
| |||
| Age, yr | 0.9779 | ||
| <20 | 3,572 (7.06) | 696 (6.9) | |
| 20–29 | 13,596 (26.9) | 2,737 (27.2) | |
| 30–39 | 5,252 (10.4) | 1,048 (10.4) | |
| 40–49 | 6,802 (13.5) | 1,348 (13.4) | |
| 50–59 | 9,256 (18.3) | 1,844 (18.3) | |
| 60–69 | 6,405 (12.7) | 1,283 (12.7) | |
| 70–79 | 3,355 (6.6) | 660 (6.55) | |
| ≥80 | 2,349 (4.64) | 453 (4.50) | |
|
| |||
| Region | 0.7285 | ||
| Metropolitan | 5,602 (11.1) | 1,094 (10.9) | |
| Rural area | 6,126 (12.1) | 1,188 (11.8) | |
| Daegu/Gyeongbuk | 38,859 (76.8) | 7,787 (77.4) | |
|
| |||
| Infection route | |||
| Others | NA | 912 (9.06) | - |
| Overseas | NA | 888 (8.82) | - |
| Contact with COVID-19 patients | NA | 1,276 (12.7) | - |
| Nursing facility | NA | 1,136 (11.3) | - |
| Large group gathering | NA | 5,857 (58.12) | - |
|
| |||
| Socioeconomic states | <0.0001 | ||
| Medical-aid | 1,849 (3.66) | 871 (7.93) | |
| Low (self-employed) | 3,703 (7.32) | 826 (8.37) | |
| Middle (self-employed) | 4,751 (9.39) | 938 (9.37) | |
| High (self-employed) | 5,016 (9.92) | 906 (8.74) | |
| Low (employee) | 11,208 (22.2) | 2,301 (23.3) | |
| Middle (employee) | 11,230 (22.2) | 1,851 (18.7) | |
| High (employee) | 12,830 (25.4) | 2,376 (23.6) | |
|
| |||
| Comorbidities | |||
| Hypertension | 9,584 (19.0) | 1,834 (18.21) | 0.0891 |
| Myocardial infarction | 1,731 (3.42) | 344 (3.42) | 1.0000 |
| Heart failure | 895 (1.77) | 206 (2.05) | 0.0631 |
| Peripheral diseases | 2,585 (5.11) | 459 (4.56) | 0.0220 |
| Cerebrovascular diseases | 2,473 (4.89) | 546 (5.42) | 0.0261 |
| Dementia | 1,019 (2.01) | 428 (4.25) | <0.0001 |
| Pulmonary diseases | 9,119 (18.0) | 1,951 (19.4) | 0.0014 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 446 (0.88) | 101 (1.00) | 0.2630 |
| Asthma | 4,011 (7.93) | 860 (8.54) | 0.0409 |
| Connective tissue | 1,096 (2.17) | 225 (2.23) | 0.6968 |
| Liver diseases | 250 (0.49) | 58 (0.58) | 0.3280 |
| Hemiplegia | 168 (0.33) | 99 (0.98) | <0.0001 |
| Renal diseases | 868 (1.72) | 163 (1.62) | 0.5185 |
| Cancer | 1,940 (3.83) | 373 (3.70) | 0.5511 |
| Hypothyroidism | 1,894 (3.74) | 394 (3.91) | 0.4330 |
|
| |||
| Diabetes | 0.0120 | ||
| No | 47,081 (93.1) | 9,329 (92.7) | |
| OHA only | 2,986 (5.90) | 603 (5.99) | |
| Insulin±OHA | 520 (1.03) | 137 (1.36) | |
Values are presented as number (%).
COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; NA, not applicable; OHA, oral hypoglycemic agent.