Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients
| Characteristic | Evohaler (n=75) | Respimat (n=46) | Turbuhaler (n=45) | Ellipta (n=74) | Breezhaler/Handihaler (n=80) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yr | 76.2±6.1 | 75.6±6.4 | 74.9±5.4 | 76.5±6.1 | 76.8±6.3 | 0.547 | |
| Male sex | 72 (96.0) | 44 (95.7) | 40 (88.9) | 68 (91.9) | 77 (96.3) | 0.382 | |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 23.9±3.9 | 22.4±3.9 | 23.7±3.2 | 24.4±3.7 | 23.4±3.0 | 0.078 | |
| Smoking status | 0.076 | ||||||
| Current smoker | 11 (14.7) | 12 (26.1) | 10 (22.2) | 14 (18.9) | 17 (21.3) | ||
| Ex-smoker | 59 (78.7) | 33 (71.7) | 26 (57.8) | 51 (68.9) | 58 (72.5) | ||
| Non-smoker | 5 (6.7) | 1 (2.2) | 9 (20.0) | 9 (12.2) | 5 (6.3) | ||
| Education level | 0.841 | ||||||
| Lower (<6 yr) | 32 (44.4) | 16 (36.4) | 13 (30.2) | 27 (37.0) | 34 (43.6) | ||
| Middle (6–12 yr) | 33 (45.8) | 23 (52.3) | 23 (53.5) | 36 (49.3) | 37 (47.4) | ||
| High (>12 yr) | 7 (9.7) | 5 (11.4) | 7 (16.3) | 10 (13.7) | 7 (9.0) | ||
| COPD | 46 (61.3) | 44 (95.7) | 30 (66.7) | 48 (64.9) | 77 (96.2) | <0.001 | |
| Spirometry | |||||||
| FEV1, L | 1.65±0.51 | 1.46±0.46 | 1.51±0.53 | 1.72±0.58 | 1.53±0.39 | 0.070 | |
| FEV1, % | 73.9±21.7 | 63.3±19.0 | 69.7±25.9 | 79.7±24.9 | 67.6±14.5 | 0.001 | |
| FVC, L | 2.71±0.62 | 2.69±0.63 | 2.70±0.68 | 2.78±0.76 | 2.80±0.60 | 0.885 | |
| FVC, % | 79.0±15.3 | 76.2±14.3 | 81.4±17.7 | 83.1±17.7 | 80.8±14.3 | 0.280 | |
| FEV1/FVC | 61.3±13.8 | 54.3±11.7 | 56.2±15.0 | 62.6±14.7 | 55.2±11.3 | <0.001 | |
| CAT score | 17.2±6.5 | 15.9±6.4 | 17.9±8.0 | 16.4±7.4 | 16.7±7.0 | 0.596 | |
| Duration of current device use, mo | 32.03±4.37 | 27.20±5.01 | 72.71±8.51 | 20.89±3.22 | 66.05±6.18 | 0.011 | |
| Duration of any inhaler use, mo | 47.84±5.02 | 43.15±6.32 | 88.74±10.36 | 52.92±6.36 | 78.73±6.18 | <0.001 | |
| Co-morbidity | |||||||
| Hypertension | 35 (46.7) | 22 (47.8) | 20 (44.4) | 45 (60.8) | 36 (45.0) | 0.270 | |
| DM | 23 (30.7) | 10 (21.7) | 13 (28.9) | 24 (32.4) | 18 (22.5) | 0.546 | |
| CVD | 0 (0) | 3 (6.5) | 3 (6.7) | 9 (12.2) | 6 (7.5) | 0.020 | |
| Malignancy | 6 (8.0) | 1 (2.2) | 3 (6.6) | 3 (4.1) | 6 (7.5) | 0.486 | |
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation or number (%).
Kruskal-Wallis test was done for comparison of constant data. p<0.05 for two-way comparison.
BMI: body mass index; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FVC: forced vital capacity; CAT: COPD Assessment Test; DM: diabetes mellitus; CVD: cerebrovascular disease.