Table 4.

Factors affecting acceptable inhaler use

Variable		Univariate analysis			Multivariate analysis
		OR	95% CI	p-value	OR	95% CI	p-value
Sex
	Male	Reference
	Female	1.440	0.564–3.681	0.446
Age		0.995	0.960–1.032	0.788
BMI		1.100	1.032–1.173	0.003	1.075	1.002–1.154	0.044
Smoking				0.365
	Never smoker	Reference
	Ex-smoker	0.565	0.255–1.249	0.158
	Current smoker	0.574	0.234–1.406	0.225
CAT		0.967	0.936–0.999	0.046	0.960	0.927–0.994	0.023
Inhaler types				0.017
	Evohaler	Reference			Reference		0.043
	Respimat	1.539	0.731–3.238	0.256	1.959	0.856–4.482	0.111
	Turbuhaler	2.765	1.289–5.929	0.009	2.720	1.175–6.292	0.019
	Ellipta	2.605	1.345–5.044	0.005	2.699	1.344–5.423	0.005
	Handihaler/Breezhaler	1.306	0.686–2.485	0.417	1.568	0.748–3.289	0.233
Educational level				0.045			0.084
	Lower (<6 yr)	Reference
	Middle (6–12 yr)	0.767	0.476–1.238	0.278	0.680	0.410–1.128	0.135
	High (>12 yr)	2.000	0.918–4.357	0.081	1.542	0.671–3.542	0.307
Diagnosis
	Asthma	Reference
	COPD	0.658	0.391–1.109	0.116	0.633	0.339–1.183	0.152
Comorbidities
	DM	1.331	0.813–2.178	0.255
	HTN	0.904	0.583–1.402	0.653
	CVA	1.726	0.695–4.285	0.240
	CKD	0.704	0.349–1.421	0.328
Period of current device		0.999	0.995–1.004	0.797
Total period of entire inhaler		1.003	0.999–1.007	0.209	1.004	0.999–1.009	0.126
Spirometry
	FEV1, %	1.009	0.999–1.019	0.091
	FVC, %	1.008	0.994–1.022	0.239
Satisfaction		0.945	0.779–1.147	0.568

Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to find factors associated with acceptable inhaler use in baseline assessment.

OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; CAT: COPD Assessment Test; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DM: diabetes mellitus; HTN: hypertension; CVA: cerebrovascular accident; CKD: chronic kidney disease; FEV₁: forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FVC: forced vital capacity.