Table 2.
Laboratory tests results according to the development of AKI or the need for RRT
| Overall (n = 201) | AKI (n = 101) | Non-AKI (n = 100) | p value | RRT (n = 34) | Non-RRT (n = 167) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kidney function | |||||||
| Baseline Cr, mg/dL | 0.85 (0.7–1) | 0.90 (0.75–1.20) | 0.80 (0.68–0.90) | <0.001 | 1.02 (0.89–1.34) | 0.80 (0.66–0.93) | <0.001 |
| Baseline eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 89.9 (72.53–105.92) | 78.71 (57.98–98.33) | 96.75 (83.82–116.31) | <0.001 | 70.43 (48.64–86.03) | 93.19 (76.58–109.98) | <0.001 |
| Cr at hospital admission, mg/dL | 0.98 (0.8–1.25) | 1.20 (0.90–1.50) | 0.86 (0.75–1.00) | <0.001 | 1.33 (1.10–1.62) | 0.91 (0.78–1.13) | <0.001 |
| Cr at ICU admission, mg/dL | 0.98 (0.78–1.28) | 1.27 (0.93–1.64) | 0.85 (0.70–1.00) | <0.001 | 1.64 (1.33–2.27) | 0.90 (0.75–1.17) | <0.001 |
| Highest Cr during ICU admission, mg/dL | 1.16 (0.88–1.8) | 1.80 (1.34–2.90) | 0.90 (0.78–1.07) | <0.001 | 3.31 (2.44–4.63) | 1.05 (0.85–1.36) | <0.001 |
| Urine change, n (%) | 49 (24.4) | 35 (81.4) | 14 (50.0) | 0.011 | 11 (84.6) | 38 (65.5) | 0.311 |
| Hematuria | 35 (17.4) | 25 (58.1) | 10 (35.7) | 0.109 | 9 (69.2) | 26 (44.8) | 0.199 |
| Leukocyturia | 26 (12.9) | 20 (46.5) | 6 (21.4) | 0.058 | 7 (53.8) | 19 (32.8) | 0.268 |
| Proteinuria | 38 (18.9) | 30 (69.8) | 8 (28.6) | 0.002 | 11 (84.6) | 27 (46.6) | 0.029 |
| Laboratory test at ICU admission | |||||||
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 12.9 (11.5–14) | 12.5 (11.3–13.9) | 13.0 (11.9–14.3) | 0.266 | 11.8 (10.8–13.8) | 12.9 (11.7–14.1) | 0.129 |
| White blood cell count, cells/mm3 | 6,815 (4,730–8,782.5) | 7,210 (4,910–9,960) | 6,590 (4,380–8,300) | 0.14 | 7,580 (5,580–9,960) | 6,670 (4,625–8,455) | 0.141 |
| Lymphocytes, cells/mm3 | 873.5 (627.5–1,255) | 828 (597–1,161) | 945 (691–1,264) | 0.074 | 826 (498–1,040) | 910 (689–1,257) | 0.075 |
| Lymphopenia, n (%)* | 118 (58.7) | 67 (69.1) | 51 (53.7) | 0.041 | 24 (72.7) | 94 (56.2) | 0.197 |
| Platelets, ×103 cells/mm3 | 179 (150–237) | 172 (134–235) | 185 (159–239) | 0.052 | 183 (146–237) | 177 (151–239) | 0.701 |
| D-dimer, ng/mL | 824 (488–1,245.75) | 876.5 (557.5–1,592.0) | 685.0 (420.5–1,136.0) | 0.009 | 1,359.0 (838.0–2,236.0) | 688.0 (451.5–1,136.0) | <0.001 |
| Ferritin | 947 (565.75–1,800.75) | 1,091 (616–2,080) | 869 (544–1,696) | 0.435 | 1,803 (1,016–3,577) | 884 (560–1,625) | 0.085 |
| Lactate dehydrogenase | 346 (287–442) | 354.0 (292.0–465.0) | 341.0 (287.0–424.0) | 0.225 | 376.0 (326.0–495.0) | 340.5 (275.8–424.5) | 0.043 |
| CRP, mg/dL | 97.2 (52.2–158) | 104.1 (63.6–194.0) | 83.7 (40.4–143.2) | 0.012 | 168.8 (107.0–230.5) | 86.3 (49.9–142.5) | <0.001 |
| Pro-calcitonin | 0.22 (0.11–0.48) | 0.29 (0.14–0.76) | 0.15 (0.07–0.22) | 0.02 | 0.55 (0.23–1.70) | 0.17 (0.08–0.28) | 0.006 |
| Cr phosphokinase | 78 (49–161) | 86.0 (49.5–207.0) | 69.0 (49.0–130.8) | 0.414 | 86.0 (66.0–288.0) | 76.0 (46.0–142.0) | 0.307 |
| Sodium, mEq/L | 138 (135–140) | 138 (135–140) | 138 (135–141) | 0.255 | 137 (135–140) | 138 (135–140) | 0.718 |
| Potassium, mEq/L | 4.05 (3.8–4.4) | 4.2 (3.8–4.5) | 4.0 (3.8–4.3) | 0.046 | 4.0 (3.6–4.4) | 4.1 (3.8–4.4) | 0.786 |
| Ionized calcium | 1.14 (1.1–1.18) | 1.14 (1.10–1.18) | 1.16 (1.12–1.19) | 0.143 | 1.15 (1.10–1.18) | 1.14 (1.10–1.18) | 0.734 |
| Phosphate, mEq/L | 3.5 (2.9–4.2) | 3.7 (3.0–4.4) | 3.4 (2.8–3.9) | 0.127 | 4.2 (3.7–5.0) | 3.3 (2.6–3.8) | <0.001 |
| Magnesium, mEq/L | 1.7 (1.5–1.8) | 1.6 (1.5–1.8) | 1.7 (1.6–1.9) | 0.002 | 1.6 (1.5–1.8) | 1.7 (1.6–1.8) | 0.294 |
| Urea, mg/dL | 30 (22–43.5) | 39.0 (26.0–65.0) | 27.0 (20.0–34.5) | <0.001 | 44.0 (33.0–68.0) | 28.0 (22.0–40.0) | <0.001 |
| Aspartate transaminase, U/L | 34.5 (25.25–51) | 44.0 (28.0–60.0) | 33.0 (24.0–46.0) | 0.081 | 61.0 (44.0–69.0) | 31.5 (25.0–46.8) | <0.001 |
| Alanine transaminase, U/L | 30.5 (22–48) | 31.0 (23.0–45.0) | 29.0 (18.0–55.0) | 0.924 | 37.0 (23.5–49.0) | 28.5 (22.0–47.2) | 0.274 |
| Bilirubin, mg/dL | 0.4 (0.2–0.5) | 0.4 (0.3–0.6) | 0.3 (0.2–0.5) | 0.014 | 0.5 (0.4–0.6) | 0.3 (0.2–0.5) | 0.002 |
| Interleukin-6 | 127.1 (55–356.8) | 226.9 (81.0–776.0) | 89.0 (28.6–140.8) | 0.005 | 776.0 (335.9–981.3) | 105.6 (35.6–160.8) | <0.001 |
| Arterial blood gas | |||||||
| pH | 7.41 (7.37–7.45) | 7.40 (7.35–7.44) | 7.43 (7.39–7.46) | 0.001 | 7.37 (7.32–7.42) | 7.42 (7.38–7.46) | <0.001 |
| PaO2, mm Hg | 70.2 (38.2–108.7) | 73.0 (41.2–115.5) | 58.9 (37.1–101.2) | 0.252 | 80.9 (42.6–124.5) | 68.1 (37.9–101.8) | 0.21 |
| PaCO2, mm Hg | 38.25 (33.7–44.2) | 39.4 (34.2–44.6) | 36.8 (33.0–43.6) | 0.143 | 40.0 (37.3–44.7) | 37.6 (32.8–43.5) | 0.028 |
| HCO3, mEq/L | 23.9 (22.1–25.8) | 23.6 (21.6–25.6) | 24.6 (22.9–26.2) | 0.059 | 23.3 (21.2–24.7) | 24.4 (22.2–25.8) | 0.068 |
| Base excess, mEq/L | 0.2 (−1.7 to 1.6) | –0.2 (−2.8 to 1.0) | 0.6 (−0.6 to 1.8) | 0.002 | –0.9 (−4.2 to 0.2) | 0.4 (−1.5 to 1.7) | 0.002 |
| Lactate, mg/dL | 12.0 (10–16) | 12.0 (10.0–16.0) | 12.0 (9.0–16.0) | 0.795 | 12.0 (10.0–12.8) | 13.0 (9.8–17.0) | 0.288 |
AKI, acute kidney injury; RRT, renal replacement therapy; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; ICU, intensive care unit; CRP, C-reactive protein.
*
Lymphocyte count <1,000 cells/mm3.