Table 1. Univariate Associations Between Baseline Variables and Early Neurological Deterioration of Presumed Ischemic Origin (ENDi) in the Derivation Cohort.
| Characteristic | No. (%) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ENDi (n = 88) | No END (n = 633)a | ||
| Patient history | |||
| Age, mean (SD), y | 69 (15) | 70 (15) | .25 |
| Male | 50 (57) | 282 (44.5) | .03 |
| Hypertension | 50 (58) | 361 (57.0) | .94 |
| Diabetes | 12 (14) | 100 (15.8) | .63 |
| Current smoking | 18 (21) | 111 (17.7) | .49 |
| Antiplatelets | 28 (32) | 181 (28.6) | .50 |
| Pre-IVT characteristics | |||
| NIHSS score, median (IQR) | 3.5 (2-5) | 3 (1-4) | .08 |
| Treatment after 2014 | 55 (63) | 367 (58.0) | .42 |
| Blood pressure, median (IQR), mm Hgb | |||
| Systolic | 154 (139-170) | 150 (135-164) | .08 |
| Diastolic | 83 (75-90) | 80 (70-90) | .21 |
| Onset-to-IVT time, median (IQR), min | 173 (129-215) | 160 (130- 203) | .23 |
| On-site endovascular facility | 62 (71) | 401 (63.3) | .19 |
| Pre-IVT imaging | |||
| MRI | 80 (91) | 569 (89.9) | .77 |
| Left hemispheric stroke, No./total No. (%) | 40/80 (50) | 303/611 (49.6) | .95 |
| Occlusion site | |||
| ICA-T/L | 12 (14) | 10 (1.6) | <.001 |
| Tandem | 17 (19) | 58 (9.2) | |
| M1 | |||
| Proximal | 10 (11) | 42 (6.6) | |
| Distal | 20 (23) | 133 (21.0) | |
| M2 | 21 (24) | 368 (58.1) | |
| Basilar | 8 (9) | 22 (3.5) | |
| DWI-ASPECTS, median (IQR)c | 9 (8-9) | 9 (8-9) | .66 |
| Thrombus visible | 76 (86) | 538 (85.0) | .74 |
| Thrombus length, median (IQR), mmd | 11.5 (8.8-14.8) | 8.3 (5.8-11.0) | <.001 |
| MRIe | 11.0 (6.0-14.0) | 8.3 (6.0-11.0) | <.001 |
| CT/CTAf | 13.4 (10.4-15.7) | 8.2 (5.0-11.3) | .05 |
| Tmax volume, median (IQR), mLg | |||
| >6 s | 41 (25-73) | 34 (18-55) | .23 |
| >8 s | 19 (8-35) | 16 (6-31) | .38 |
| >10 s | 10 (0-19) | 9 (0-17) | .67 |
| HIR, median (IQR), %g | |||
| 10/6 | 22 (0-32) | 21 (0-37) | .99 |
| 8/6 | 47 (41-60) | 47 (26-60) | .53 |
Abbreviations: CT, computed tomography; CTA, computed tomography angiography; DWI-ASPECTS, diffusion-weighted imaging Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score; END, early neurological deterioration; HIR, hypoperfusion intensity ratio; ICA-T/L, T or L intracranial internal carotid artery; IQR, interquartile range; IVT, intravenous thrombolysis; M1, first segment of the middle cerebral artery; M2, second segment of the middle cerebral artery; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; Tmax, time to maximum.
A total of 8 patients with END due to intracranial hemorrhage or clear alternative cause were excluded.
A total of 23 patients had missing data (ENDi, n = 3; no END, n = 20).
A total of 649 patients with baseline MRI were included (ENDi, n = 80; no END, n = 569).
Patients without visible thrombus were excluded. A total of 614 patients with visible thrombus were included (ENDi, n = 76; no END, n = 538).
Patients without visible thrombus were excluded. A total of 561 patients with visible thrombus were included (ENDi, n = 69; no END, n = 492).
Patients without visible thrombus were excluded. A total of 53 patients with visible thrombus were included (ENDi, n = 7; no END, n = 46).
Patients without perfusion imaging were excluded. A total of 186 patients with perfusion imaging were included (ENDi, n = 28; no END, n = 158).