Table 1.
Means, standard deviations, and gender differences for emotion regulation difficulties dimensions and psychopathology variables.
| Variable | M | SD | t-value | Cohen’s d |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clarity | 3.43 | 1.77 | –2.33* | .12 |
| Male | 3.32 | 1.65 | ||
| Female | 3.54 | 1.87 | ||
| Goals | 5.70 | 2.85 | −.65 | |
| Male | 5.65 | 2.76 | ||
| Female | 5.74 | 2.94 | ||
| Impulse | 5.40 | 3.07 | 2.05* | .10 |
| Male | 5.56 | 3.08 | ||
| Female | 5.24 | 3.06 | ||
| Strategies | 8.21 | 3.93 | 2.20* | .11 |
| Male | 8.43 | 3.94 | ||
| Female | 7.98 | 3.91 | ||
| Non-acceptance | 4.73 | 2.32 | 2.21* | .11 |
| Male | 4.86 | 2.42 | ||
| Female | 4.61 | 2.22 | ||
| Anxiety | 22.12 | 8.39 | .34 | – |
| Male | 20.65 | 10.50 | ||
| Female | 20.47 | 10.76 | ||
| Depression | 21.85 | 9.40 | −1.37 | |
| Male | 19.94 | 11.35 | ||
| Female | 20.75 | 11.29 | ||
| Anger | 7.71 | 2.19 | −2.72** | .14 |
| Male | 7.19 | 3.28 | ||
| Female | 7.63 | 2.91 | ||
| BPF | 16.77 | 7.27 | −1.89 | |
| Male | 15.48 | 8.80 | ||
| Female | 16.31 | 8.25 | ||
| Sleep disturbance | 5.43 | 2.59 | .33 | |
| Male | 5.29 | 3.22 | ||
| Female | 5.24 | 2.75 |
Note. BPF = borderline personality features; Clarity = lack of emotional clarity; Goals = difficulties engaging in goal-directed behavior; Impulse = impulse control difficulties; Non-acceptance = non-acceptance of emotional responses; Strategies = limited access to effective emotion regulation strategies. Cohen’s d = effect size for statistically significant results (d = .2 be considered a “small” effect size, .5 represents a “medium” effect size and .8 a “large” effect size).
*
p < .05, ** p < .01.