Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of 139 participants who provided CSF, according to the AD clinical spectrum
| Characteristics | CN (n = 29) | SCD (n = 58) | MCI (n = 29) | AD (n = 23) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, median (95% CI), y | 63.0 (58–67) | 66.5 (63–69) | 72.0 (66–76) a,b | 71 (67–79) a,b | < 0.001 |
| Education, median (95% CI), y | 12 (9–16) | 6 (6–9) a | 10 (6–12) | 6 (6–9) a,c | < 0.001 |
| Gender (M:F) | 10: 19 | 29:29 | 21:8 | 6:17 | < 0.004† |
| MMSE, median (95% CI) | 29 (28–29) | 26 (25–27) a | 24 (21–26) a | 16 (15–19) a,b,c | < 0.001 |
| SMCQ, median (95% CI) | 1 (1–2) | 5 (4–6) a | 5 (3–7) a | 8 (5–12) a,b | < 0.001 |
| SBT, median (95% CI) | 0 (0–2) | 4 (2–4) a | 7 (4–11) a | 18 (17–22) a,b,c | < 0.001 |
| CERAD, mean Z, median (95% CI) | 0.48 (0.42–0.61) | 0.14 (0.01–0.23) | −0.81 (− 1.13 – − 0.33) a,b | −1.65 (− 2.02 – − 0.94) a,b | < 0.001 |
| BDS-ADL, median (95% CI) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0.5) a | 0 (0–1) a | 2.5 (1–4.5) a,b,c | < 0.001 |
| ESS, median (95% CI) | 5 (4–7) | 4 (4–5) | 3 (1–4) | 2 (1–5) | 0.0127 |
| CDR 0:0.5:1 | 29:0:0 | 58:0:0 | 0:29:0 | 0:8:15 | < 0.001† |
| CDR-SB, median (95% CI) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0.5 (0.5–1.0) a,b | 5 (3.5–6.0) a,b | < 0.001 |
| GDS, median (95% CI) | 5 (3–8) | 8 (7–12) a | 9 (5–15) | 12 (7–20) a | 0.003 |
| Aβ PET(+), % (−:+) | 7.1 (26:2) | 21.1 (41:11) | 37.0 (17:10) | 76.2 (5:16) | < 0.001† |
| ApoE ε4 carrier, % (−:+) | 17.2 (24:5) | 20.7 (46:12) | 20.7 (23:6) | 56.5 (10:13) | 0.008† |
MMSE Mini-Mental State Examination, SMCQ Subjective Memory Complaint Questionnaire, SBT Short Blessed Test, CERAD Consortium to Establish a Registry for AD, BDS-ADL Blessed Dementia Scale-Activities of Daily Living, ESS Epworth Sleepiness Scale, CDR Clinical Dementia Rating scale, CDR-SB CDR-Sum of Boxes, GDS Geriatric Depression Scale, ApoE apolipoprotein E
aP < 0.05 versus CN; bP < 0.05 versus SCD; cP < 0.05 versus MCI by Dunn’s multiple comparison following the Kruskal–Wallis test
†Chi-square test