Table 4.
Secondary outcomes at baseline and follow-up~
| Lower-limb focussed intervention (n=15) | Trunk-focussed intervention (n=8) | Lower-limb vs trunk | Previously published MDC values | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Follow-up^ | Change | Baseline | Follow-up^ | Change | mean difference in change* (95%CI) | ||
| ACL-QoL | 45±20 | 64±20 | 20±17 | 56±9 | 78±16 | 22±13 | −2.5 (−18.2 to 13.2) | 12 points (Lafave et al., 2017) |
| KOOS-QoL | 39±20 | 62±23 | 23±25 | 52±14 | 67±19 | 16±12 | 7.1 (−12.3 to 26.4) | 8 to 10 points (Roos & Lohmander, 2003) |
| KOOS-Symptoms | 68±23 | 74±19 | 7±17 | 81±9 | 90±9 | 9±7 | −2.0 (− 15.7 to 11.6) | 8 to 10 points (Roos & Lohmander, 2003) |
| KOOS-Pain | 77±15 | 86±12 | 9±14 | 90±7 | 92±8 | 2±7 | 6.7 (−4.0 to 17.9) | 8 to 10 points (Roos & Lohmander, 2003) |
| KOOS-Sport | 57±24 | 77±22 | 20±25 | 76±1 | 83±22 | 8±13 | 12.1 (−7.9 to 32.0) | 8 to 10 points (Roos & Lohmander, 2003) |
| KOOS4 | 60±17 | 75±17 | 15±18 | 75±9 | 83±14 | 9±7 | 5.9 (−7.9 to 19.8) | 8 to 10 points (Roos & Lohmander, 2003) |
| ACL-RSI | 36±18 | 53±22 | 17±18 | 41±18 | 67±24 | 26±22 | −9.2 (−27.2 to 8.7) | 19 points (Kvist et al., 2013) |
| Single-hop | ||||||||
| ACLR (cm) | 65±42 | 97±33 | 33±34 | 108±39 | 115±42 | 8±9 | 24.1 (−5.9 to 54.1) | 14 cm (Kockum & Heijne, 2015; Reid et al., 2007) |
| Contralateral (cm) | 93±30 | 106±32 | 14±18 | 116±25 | 120±34 | 4±15 | 9.6 (−8.9 to 28.2) | 14 cm (Kockum & Heijne, 2015; Reid et al., 2007) |
| LSI (%) | 59±38 | 88±11 | 29±37 | 90±21 | 94±12 | 4±10 | 15.5 (−27.7 to 58.7) | 8% (Kockum & Heijne, 2015; Reid et al., 2007) |
| Side-hop | ||||||||
| ACLR (reps) | 8±8 | 16±12 | 9±9 | 20±13 | 29±19 | 9±8 | −0.6 (−9.4 to 8.7) | 11 reps (Kockum & Heijne, 2015; Reid et al., 2007) |
| Contralateral (reps) | 9±9 | 17±12 | 8±10 | 23±16 | 31±21 | 9±15 | −0.5 (−13.4 to 12.2) | 11 reps (Kockum & Heijne, 2015; Reid et al., 2007) |
| LSI (%)a | 71±42 | 82±29 | 11±28 | 73±13 | 94±14 | 21±18 | −10.4 (− 43.1 to 22.2) | ~ 10% (Kockum & Heijne, 2015; Reid et al., 2007) |
| One-leg rise | ||||||||
| ACLR (reps) | 17±16 | 33±15 | 17±14 | 27±19 | 34±20 | 7±11 | 9.9 (−4.1 to 23.9) | Not available |
| Contralateral (reps) | 25±19 | 35±15 | 10±14 | 31±15 | 34±15 | 4±7 | 6.4 (−6.5 to 19.3) | Not available |
| LSI (%)b | 67±57 | 98±9 | 31±54 | 68±32 | 83±47 | 16±32 | 15.7 (−40 to 71.5) | Not available |
ACLR Anterior cruciate ligament reconstructed limb, ACL-RSI ACL Return to Sport Index, ACL-QoL Anterior Cruciate Ligament Quality of Life questionnaire, CI Confidence interval, KOOS Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, LSI Limb symmetry index, MDC Minimal detectable change, SD Standard deviation, QoL Quality of life
* Positive value indicates between-group differences are in favour of the lower-limb focussed group
^n=3 participants did not complete functional performance follow-up (could not attend due to being overseas, or work commitments). An additional 2 participants did not complete the single-hop and side-hop tests as they were recovering from adverse events (n=1 hamstring strain and n=1 ankle sprain).
a n=3 not included for LSI calculation at baseline (3 in lower-limb focussed), and n=3 not included at follow-up (2 in lower-limb focussed, 1 in trunk-focussed), as unable to perform a valid score on either limb
b n=5 not included for LSI calculation at baseline (n=3 in lower-limb focussed group and n=2 in trunk-focussed group), and n=1 (in trunk-focussed group) not included at follow-up, as unable to perform a valid score on either limb
~Values are mean+/-SD unless otherwise indicated