TABLE. Detection of recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus–vaccine virus in persons vaccinated with Ervebo.

Specimen type	Vaccine virus detected by rRT-PCR	Longest recorded positive rRT-PCR (dpv)	Culture of vaccine virus attempted	Vaccine virus detected by culture
Blood	Yes	14*	Yes	No
Urine	Yes	7*	No	Not performed
Saliva	Yes	14*	No	Not performed
Synovial fluid	Yes	17†	Yes§	No§
Skin vesicles	Yes	20¶	Yes	Yes**

Abbreviation: dpv = days postvaccination; rRT-PCR = reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction.

* One study also tested at 28 dpv and none of 38 were positive (Source: Heppner DG Jr, Kemp TL, Martin BK, et al; V920-004 Study Team. Safety and immunogenicity of the rVSV∆G-ZEBOV-GP Ebola virus vaccine candidate in healthy adults: a phase 1b randomised, multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-response study. Lancet Infect Dis 2017;17:854–66).

^† Of three participants in one study, whose synovial fluid was tested by rRT-PCR, one tested positive 17 dpv and two tested negative 16 and 23 dpv (Source: Halperin SA, Arribas JR, Rupp R, et al; V920-012 Study Team. Six-month safety data of recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus–Zaire Ebola virus envelope glycoprotein vaccine in a phase 3 double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized study in healthy Adults. J Infect Dis 2017;215:1789–98).

^§ One synovial fluid specimen tested positive by rRT-PCR 15 dpv and virus isolation was negative (Source: Agnandji ST, Huttner A, Zinser ME, et al. Phase 1 trials of rVSV Ebola vaccine in Africa and Europe. N Engl J Med 2016;374:1647–60).

^¶ Source: Ervebo [Package Insert]. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck; 2009. https://www.fda.gov/media/133748/download

** Of three participants with rash in one study, all were positive by rRT-PCR up to 17 dpv, and virus isolation was positive in one specimen with the highest RNA level 9 dpv (Source: Agnandji ST, Huttner A, Zinser ME, et al. Phase 1 trials of rVSV Ebola vaccine in Africa and Europe. N Engl J Med 2016;374:1647–60).