Table 1.

Categories of patients where the screening for primary aldosteronism is recommended.

Condition	Description
Severe hypertension	Hypertension stage 3, i.e. systolic blood pressure ≥180 ​mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥110 ​mmHg
Resistant hypertension	Blood pressure values that remain above goal in spite of concurrent use of three antihypertensive agents of different classes. If tolerated, one of the three agents should be a diuretic, and all agents should be prescribed at maximum recommended (or maximally tolerated) antihypertensive doses.
Patients with hypertension associated with (permanent or intermittent) spontaneous or diuretic-induced hypokalemia	Serum potassium (K+) ​< ​3.5 ​mmoL/l in absence of other potential causes of hypokalemia (i.e. gastrointestinal disorders, abuse of licorice, etc.).
Hypertension or hypokalemia associated with adrenal incidentaloma	Hypertensive patients with an adrenal mass detected on imaging.
Normal potassium levels (≥3.5 to ​≤ ​5.0 ​mmoL/l) associated with another of the above-mentioned indications for PA screening
When hypertension-mediated organ damage and cardiovascular or renal morbidity are more severe than expected from the level and duration of hypertension	Hypertension-mediated organ damage such as microalbuminuria, renal disease, hypertensive retinopathy, left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction, etc.
Hypertension and sleep apnea	See ‘Comorbidities’ section for further explanations.
Hypertension and atrial fibrillation	See ‘Comorbidities’ section for further explanations.
Hypertension and a family history of early onset hypertension and/or cerebrovascular accident at a young age (<40 years) and of first-degree relatives with primary aldosteronism	See ‘Testing for familial forms of primary aldosteronism and detection of genetic mutations’ for further explanations.
Newly-presenting patients with hypertension and a high chance of cure with adrenalectomy, as, for example, young, women, with a short duration of hypertension