TABLE 1.
Characteristics of the patients at baseline
| Characteristic | Before PSM | After PSM | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RFA (N = 223) | CBA (N = 105) | P value | RFA (N = 96) | CBA (N = 96) | P value | |
| Age (yr) | 57.74 ± 10.17 | 57.12 ± 10.12 | .50 | 57.59 ± 11.23 | 57.67 ± 10.00 | .62 |
| Male sex—no. (%) | 143 (54.3) | 55 (52.4) | .63 | 48 (50.0) | 47 (49.0) | .69 |
| BMI | 25.83 ± 2.77 | 25.88 ± 2.86 | .79 | 25.75 ± 2.99 | 25.82 ± 2.78 | .80 |
| Months since first AF diagnosis | 30.83 ± 38.53 | 30.75 ± 65.45 | .91 | 32.81 ± 39.97 | 31.33 ± 71.70 | .88 |
| LAD (mm) | 37.25 ± 6.51 | 37.12 ± 5.80 | .91 | 37.25 ± 6.51 | 37.11 ± 6.04 | .90 |
| Pdis (ms) | 44.17 ± 11.90 | 43.64 ± 11.57 | .83 | 44.16 ± 13.32 | 44.24 ± 11.76 | .97 |
| LAVI (mL/m2) | 39.44 ± 8.18 | 39.63 ± 8.50 | .85 | 39.32 ± 7.04 | 39.52 ± 7.58 | .88 |
| CHA2DS2‐VASc score | ||||||
| Distribution—no. (%) | ||||||
| 0 | 77 (34.5) | 28 (26.7) | .15 | 32 (33.3) | 28 (29.2) | .53 |
| 1 | 60 (26.9) | 41 (39.0) | .03 | 28 (29.2) | 37 (38.5) | .17 |
| 2 | 42 (18.8) | 19 (18.1) | .87 | 18 (18.8) | 18 (18.8) | 1.00 |
| 3 | 33 (14.8) | 15 (14.3) | .90 | 13 (13.5) | 11 (11.5) | .66 |
| 4 | 9 (4.0) | 2 (1.9) | .51 | 5 (5.2) | 2 (2.1) | .44 |
| 5 | 2 (0.9) | 0 (0) | 1.00 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1.00 |
| 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| NYHA classification—no. (%) | ||||||
| No heart failure | 14 599 (65.0) | 8537 (81.0) | .03 | 44 (45.8) | 36 (37.5) | .24 |
| Class I | 4453 (19.7) | 1126 (10.5) | .04 | 22 (22.9) | 26 (27.1) | .51 |
| Class II | 2058 (9.0) | 8438 (7.6) | .68 | 27 (28.1) | 32 (33.3) | .43 |
| Class III | 1513 (6.7) | 42 4 (3.8) | .29 | 3 (2.1) | 2 (3.1) | 1.00 |
| Medical history—no. (%) | ||||||
| Previous DCCV | 0 (0) | 1 (1.0) | .14 | 0 (0) | 1 (1.0) | 1.00 |
| Previous stroke/TIA | 22 (9.9) | 13 (12.4) | .49 | 9 (9.4) | 12 (12.5) | .49 |
| Previous MI | 5 (2.2) | 1 (1.0) | .67 | 2 (2.1) | 1 (1.0) | 1.00 |
| Previous PCI | 13 (5.8) | 3 (2.9) | .24 | 6 (6.3) | 3 (3.1) | .50 |
| Coronary artery disease | 66 (29.6) | 18 (17.1) | .02 | 23 (24.0) | 18 (18.8) | .38 |
| Hypertension—no. (%) | 99 (44.4) | 45 (42.9) | .79 | 44 (45.8) | 45 (50.6) | .89 |
| T2DM—no. (%) | 50 (22.4) | 17 (16.2) | .19 | 20 (20.8) | 16 (16.7) | .46 |
| Medication use—no. (%) | ||||||
| Antiarrhythmic drug | 148 (66.4) | 50 (47.6) | <.001 | 50 (52.1) | 46 (47.9) | .56 |
| ACEI/ARB | 95 (42.6) | 46 (43.8) | .84 | 42 (43.8) | 44 (45.8) | .77 |
| Beta‐blocker | 99 (44.4) | 48 (45.7) | .82 | 47 (49.0) | 46 (47.9) | .89 |
| Anticoagulation drug | 86 (38.6) | 37 (35.2) | .56 | 33 (34.4) | 36 (37.5) | .65 |
Note: The plus‐minus values are mean ± SD. Abbreviations: ACEI, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor; AF, atrial fibrillation; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BMI, body‐mass index, defined as the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters; CBA, cryoballoon ablation; CHA2DS2‐VASc, (congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥75 years, diabetes mellitus, and stroke/transient ischemic attack/thromboembolism)‐(vascular disease, age range from 65 to 74, sex [female]), with hypertension defined as blood pressure higher than 140/90 mmHg; DCCV, direct current cardioversion; LAD, left atrial diameter; LAVI, left atrial volume index; MI, myocardial infarction; NYHA, New York Heart Association; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; Pdis, P wave dispersion; PSM, propensity score match; RFA, radiofrequency ablation; TIA, transient ischemic attack; T2DM, type 2 diabetes.