Figure 5.

Effects of melittin on oxidative damage and expression of prooxidant and antioxidant proteins after LPS treatment. (a) Immunohistochemical staining of kidney tissues from the indicated group with anti-4-HNE antibody. Red arrows indicate cells stained with 4-HNE. Scale bars: 20 μm. (b) Average number of cells stained with 4-HNE per field. (c) Renal MDA levels. (d) The mRNA level of NOX4 in kidney tissues. (e) Western blotting of NOX4 in kidney tissues. (f) Western blotting of Nrf2 and HO-1 in kidney tissues. (g) The mRNA levels of HO-1 and NQO1 in kidney tissues. ^∗∗p < 0.01 or ^∗∗∗p < 0.001 compared with the vehicle-injected group (Veh). ^####p < 0.001 compared with LPS-injected group (LPS).