Table 2.
(A) Multivariable model of characteristics associated with IESO attendant and (B) how outcomes are impacted by delivery by IESO as compared to midwife attendant.
| Characteristic | RR | CI | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| (A) Multivariable poisson model with robust error variance of characteristics associated with IESO as attendanta | |||
| Mode of delivery (unassisted vaginal birth reference) | |||
| Forceps-assisted | 88.4 | 28.7, 271.7 | <0.001 |
| Vacuum-assisted | 45.2 | 14.3, 142.3 | <0.001 |
| Cesarean | 161.8 | 59.9, 437.2 | <0.001 |
|
| |||
| (B) Individual logistic regressions, adjusted for significant findings in Table 4, to determine association of cesarean birth with outcomes significant in bivariate comparisons (Table 3) | |||
| Maternal outcomesb | |||
| Odds of postpartum hemorrhage | Model did not converge | ||
| Odds of needing postpartum antibiotics | 13.4 | 3.0, 60.2 | 0.001 |
| Odds of longer hospitalization | Model did not converge | ||
|
| |||
| Neonatal outcomesb | |||
| Odds of having a higher apgar score | 0.1 | 0.1, 0.7 | 0.02 |
| Odds of live birth | 0.2 | 0.1, 1.3 | 0.09 |
| Odds of being alive at discharge from the hospital | 0.1 | 0.1, 0.5 | 0.005 |
| Odds of longer neonatal hospitalization | 0.2 | 0.1, 2.1 | 0.18 |
aVariables included in the model without an association with the outcome: urban/rural residence, parity, history of cesarean birth, HIV status, onset of labor (spontaneous or not), duration of labor, antepartum hemorrhage, birthweight, and multiple gestation. bAdjusted for mode of delivery.