TABLE 1.
Study design for isocaloric interventions.
| Study | Sample Size (n) | Exercise Type | Exercise Time (min) | Recovery Time (h) | Treatment | Energy (kcal) | CHO (g) | Pro (g) | CHO (g·kg−1⋅h−1) | Pro (g·kg−1⋅h−1) | Glycogen Synthesis | Glycogen Measurement Method |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alghannam et al. (20) | 6 (5M, 1F) | Treadmill running; Time to exhaustion 70% V˙O2max | 82 | 4 | CHO | 1277 | 319.2 | 1.20 | 37.4a | Plate assay, dry weight | ||
| CHO-PRO | 1277 | 212.8 | 106.4 | 0.80 | 0.40 | 41.7a | ||||||
| Carrithers et al. (23) | 7 (7M) | Cycle ergometry 70% V˙O2max; sprint to exhaustion | 82.5 | 4 | CHO | 1206 | 301.6 | 1.00 | 31a | Plate assay, dry weight | ||
| CHO-PRO | 1206 | 259.3 | 42.2 | 0.86 | 0.14 | 28a | ||||||
| Cogan et al. (12) | 11 (11M) | Cycle ergometry 70% V˙O2max | 120 | 4 | CHO | 720 | 180 | 0.60 | 0.58b | Plate assay, wet weight | ||
| CHO-PRO | 720 | 156 | 24 | 0.52 | 0.08 | 0.52b | ||||||
| Detko et al. (24) | 7 (7M) | Intermittent cycle ergometry; 70% and 120% V˙O2max | 120 | 4 | CHO | 1516 | 379 | 1.20 | 5.8c | Magnetic resonance spectroscopy | ||
| CHO-PRO | 1516 | 253 | 126 | 0.80 | 0.40 | 3.7c | ||||||
| Ferguson-Stegall et al. (25) | 10 (5M, 5F) | Cycle ergometry 70% V˙O2max; intervals 45% and 90% V˙O2max | 100 | 4 | CHO | 949 | 181.8 | 0.67 | 30.6d | Plate assay, wet weight | ||
| CHO-PRO | 949 | 137.8 | 44 | 0.51 | 0.16 | 23.9d | ||||||
| Howarth et al. (13) | 6 (6M) | Intermittent cycle ergometer; 50%–80% V˙O2max | 120 | 4 | CHO | 1728 | 432 | 1.20 | 25a | Plate assay, dry weight | ||
| CHO-PRO | 1728 | 324 | 108 | 0.90 | 0.30 | 25a | ||||||
| Ivy et al. (9) | 7 (7M) | Cycle ergometry 65%–75% V˙O2max; sprint to exhaustion | 150 | 4 | CHO | 640 | 160 | 0.54 | 8.4c | Magnetic resonance spectroscopy | ||
| CHO-PRO | 864 | 160 | 56 | 0.54 | 0.19 | 12.0c | ||||||
| Lunn et al. (28) | 6 (6M) | Treadmill running 65% V˙O2max | 45 | 3 | CHO | 296 | 74 | 0.32 | −0.1e | Plate assay, wet weight | ||
| CHO-PRO | 296 | 58 | 16 | 0.25 | 0.07 | 0e | ||||||
| Roy et al. (29) | 10 (10M) | Whole-body resistance exercise: 9 exercises/3 sets 80% 1RM | NR | 4.5 | CHO | 694 | 173.6 | 0.44 | 19.3a | Plate assay, dry weight | ||
| CHO-PRO | 694 | 114.5 | 40 | 0.29 | 0.10 | 23.0a | ||||||
| van Loon et al. (15) | 8 (8M) | Intermittent cycle ergometer; 50%–90% V˙O2max | 100 | 5 | CHO | 1680 | 420 | 1.20 | 44.8a | Plate assay, dry weight | ||
| CHO-PRO | 1680 | 280 | 140 | 0.80 | 0.40 | 35.4a |
Values are presented as mean.
ammol·kg−1 muscle dry weight·h−1.
bμg·mg−1 muscle wet weight·h−1.
cmmol·L−1·h−1.
dμmol·g−1 muscle wet weight·h−1.
eg per 100 g wet muscle weight·h−1.
M, males; F, females.