. 2020 Aug 24;53(2):384–393. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002476

TABLE 2.

Study design for nonisocaloric interventions.

Study	Sample Size (n)	Exercise Type	Exercise Time (min)	Recovery Time (h)	Treatment	Energy (kcal)	CHO (g)	Pro (g)	CHO (g·kg⁻¹⋅h⁻¹)	Pro (g·kg⁻¹⋅h⁻¹)	Glycogen Synthesis	Glycogen Measurement Method
Beelen et al. (21)	14 (14M)	Intermittent cycle ergometer; 50%–90% V˙O_2max	106	4	CHO	2062	515.5		1.80		31^a	Plate assay, dry weight
Beelen et al. (21)	14 (14M)	Intermittent cycle ergometer; 50%–90% V˙O_2max	106	4	CHO-PRO	2578	515.5	128.9	1.80	0.45	34^a	Plate assay, dry weight
Betts et al. (22)	6 (6M)	Treadmill running; 70% V˙O_2max	90	4	CHO	945	236.2		0.80		12.3^a	Plate assay, dry weight
Betts et al. (22)	6 (6M)	Treadmill running; 70% V˙O_2max	90	4	CHO-PRO	1299	236.2	88.6	0.80	0.30	12.1^a	Plate assay, dry weight
Howarth et al. (13)	6 (6M)	Intermittent cycle ergometer; 50%–80% V˙O_2max	120	4	CHO	1296	324		0.90		23^a	Plate assay, dry weight
Howarth et al. (13)	6 (6M)	Intermittent cycle ergometer; 50%–80% V˙O_2max	120	4	CHO-PRO	1728	324	108	0.90	0.30	25^a	Plate assay, dry weight
Ivy et al. (9)	7 (7M)	Cycle ergometry 70% V˙O_2max; sprint to exhaustion	150	4	CHO	864	216		0.73		7.3^b	Magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Ivy et al. (9)	7 (7M)	Cycle ergometry 70% V˙O_2max; sprint to exhaustion	150	4	CHO-PRO	864	160	56	0.54	0.19	12.0^b	Magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Jentjens et al. (26)	8 (8M)	Intermittent cycle ergometer 50%–90% V˙O_2max	135	3	CHO	1002	250.6		1.20		40^a	Plate assay, dry weight
Jentjens et al. (26)	8 (8M)	Intermittent cycle ergometer 50%–90% V˙O_2max	135	3	CHO-PRO	1336	250.6	83.5	1.20	0.40	25^a	Plate assay, dry weight
Kammer et al. (27)	12 (8M, 4F)	Cycle ergometry 60%–65% V˙O_2max	120	2	CHO	314	78.5		1.10		6.2^c	Plate assay, wet weight
Kammer et al. (27)	12 (8M, 4F)	Cycle ergometry 60%–65% V˙O_2max	120	2	CHO-PRO	410	77	19.5	1.08	0.27	7.3^c	Plate assay, wet weight
Tarnopolsky et al. (30)	16 (8M, 8F)	Cycle ergometry 65% V˙O_2max	90	4	CHO	536	134		0.50		37.2^a	Plate assay, dry weight
Tarnopolsky et al. (30)	16 (8M, 8F)	Cycle ergometry 65% V˙O_2max	90	4	CHO-PRO	480	100.5	13.4	0.38	0.05	24.6^a	Plate assay, dry weight
van Loon et al. (8)	8 (8M)	Intermittent cycle ergometer; 50%–90% V˙O_2max	100	5	CHO	1120	280		0.80		16.4^a	Plate assay, dry weight
van Loon et al. (8)	8 (8M)	Intermittent cycle ergometer; 50%–90% V˙O_2max	100	5	CHO-PRO	1680	280	140	0.80	0.40	35.4^a	Plate assay, dry weight
Van Hall et al. (14)	5 (5M)	Intermittent cycle ergometer 50%–90% V˙O_2max	NR	4	CHO	492	123		0.42		39.8^a	Plate assay, dry weight
Van Hall et al. (14)	5 (5M)	Intermittent cycle ergometer 50%–90% V˙O_2max	NR	4	CHO-PRO	640	123	37	0.42	0.13	36.5^a	Plate assay, dry weight
Van Hall et al. (31)	8 (8M)	Intermittent cycle ergometer 50%–90% V˙O_2max	NR	3	CHO	692	173		0.80		28.0^a	Plate assay, dry weight
Van Hall et al. (31)	8 (8M)	Intermittent cycle ergometer 50%–90% V˙O_2max	NR	3	CHO-PRO	952	173	65	0.80	0.30	34.0^a	Plate assay, dry weight
Williams et al. (10)	8 (8M)	Intermittent cycle ergometer 65%–85% V˙O_2max	120	4	CHO	168	42		0.16		17.3^a	Plate assay, dry weight
Williams et al. (10)	8 (8M)	Intermittent cycle ergometer 65%–85% V˙O_2max	120	4	CHO-PRO	536	106	28	0.39	0.10	39.8^a	Plate assay, dry weight
Yaspelkis et al. (32)	12 (12M)	Intermittent cycle ergometer 50%–80% V˙O_2max	120	3	CHO	864	216		1.00		6.0^c	Plate assay, wet weight
Yaspelkis et al. (32)	12 (12M)	Intermittent cycle ergometer 50%–80% V˙O_2max	120	3	CHO-PRO	933	216	17.3	1.00	0.08	8.2^c	Plate assay, wet weight
Zawadzki et al. (11)	9 (9M)	Intermittent cycle ergometer 50%–85% V˙O_2max	120	4	CHO	896	224		0.77		26.7^d	Plate assay, wet weight
Zawadzki et al. (11)	9 (9M)	Intermittent cycle ergometer 50%–85% V˙O_2max	120	4	CHO-PRO	1222	224	81.4	0.77	0.28	35.5^d	Plate assay, wet weight

Values are presented as mean.

^ammol·kg⁻¹ muscle dry weight·h⁻¹.

^bmmol·L⁻¹·h⁻¹.

^cμmol·g⁻¹ muscle wet weight·h⁻¹.

^dμmol·g⁻¹ muscle protein concentration.

M, males; F, females.