TABLE 1.
Effect of KE and/or bicarbonate supplementation on RPE and heart rate.
| CON | KE | BIC | KE + BIC | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RPE (6–20) | ||||
| 90′ | 12.0 ± 1.7 | 12.4 ± 1.4 | 12.3 ± 1.7 | 12.3 ± 2.4 |
| 180′ | 13.3 ± 1.9 | 13.9 ± 2.4 | 13.6 ± 1.6 | 13.8 ± 3.0 |
| TT15′ | 16.0 ± 1.4 | 17.2 ± 1.2 | 16.6 ± 2.1 | 17.2 ± 1.4 |
| Sprint | 16.9 ± 1.3 | 17.4 ± 2.2 | 17.2 ± 1.4 | 17.6 ± 0.7 |
| HR (bpm) | ||||
| 40–55′ | 148 ± 13 | 153 ± 14 | 153 ± 13 | 153 ± 11 |
| 160–175′ | 152 ± 13 | 154 ± 12 | 158 ± 13 | 155 ± 11 |
| TT15′ | 160 ± 12 | 160 ± 10 | 162 ± 12 | 161 ± 9 |
| Sprint | 171 ± 12 | 176 ± 11 | 180 ± 9* | 177 ± 9* |
Values are presented as mean ± SD for RPE halfway (90′) and at the end of IMT180′ (180′), and after TT15′ and Sprint. Heart rate (HR) is represented as average values from minutes 40 to 55 (TW1) and from minutes 160 to 175 (TW2) of IMT180′, and during TT15′ and Sprint. In a crossover design, subjects (n = 9) received control (CON), ketone (KE), bicarbonate (BIC), or KE and bicarbonate (KE + BIC) before and during exercise.
*P < 0.05 for indicated condition vs CON.