Table 5. Differentially expressed pathways between Day 0 (pre-vaccination) and Day 3 post-vaccination among frail (N=13) and non-frail individuals (N=15), analyzed by Ingenuity pathways analysis.
| Frail Day 0 – Day 3 | Non-frail Day 0 – Day 3 | |||
| Ingenuity canonical pathways | Upregulated genes | Downregulated genes | Upregulated genes | Downregulated genes |
| Altered T cell and B cell signaling in rheumatoid arthritis | FASLG | SPP1, TNFRSF13B, TNFRSF13C | -- | -- |
| B cell development | -- | -- | -- | CD19, IGHD |
| Communication between innate and adaptive immune cells | -- | -- | CCL3L3, HLAG | IGHD |
| Crosstalk between dendritic cells and natural killer cells | FASLG, ITGAL, KIR3DL1, PRF1 | -- | -- | -- |
| Gluathione redox reactions I | -- | -- | GSTM1, MGST2 | -- |
| Human embryonic stem cell pluripotency | BMP8B, MRAS, PDGFRB, S1PR5, SMAD7 | WN10A, WNT16 | -- | -- |
| NAD biosynthesis II | -- | -- | IDO1, NMNAT3 | -- |
| Transcriptional regulatory network in embryonic stem cells | EOMES, H4C11 | H4C14 | -- | -- |
-- Pathway not significantly differentially expressed or no DEGs in category.