Table 3.
Adjusted Analyses of the Longitudinal Cohort
| Characteristic | Group 1 (I→IV/V adolescents) (n=27) | Group 2 (II/III→IV/V adolescents) (n=27) | Group 3 (V→adults) (n=24) | ANOVA P value for group comparison |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline first-phase insulin secretion, μU/mL/15 min | 43.4±6.6a | 76.2±6.5b | 115.6±6.7b | 0.009 |
| Follow-up first-phase insulin secretion, μU/mL/15 min | 66.5±6.6 | 93.3±6.7 | 105.7±6.3a | 0.087 |
| Baseline steady-state insulin secretion, μU/mL/60 min | 71.3±6.4a | 108.4±6.2b | 176.2±6.4b | 0.013 |
| Follow-up steady-state insulin secretion, μU/mL,60 min | 107.4±6.2 | 139±6.3 | 148.9±5.9 | 0.107 |
| Baseline insulin sensitivity, mg/kg/min/μU/mL | 9.8±7.3 | 5.9±7.0 | 5.1±7.5 | 0.160 |
| Follow-up insulin sensitivity, mg/kg/min/μU/mL | 3.9±7.7 | 2.6±7.8 | 5.2±7.3 | 0.234 |
Values are expressed as mean±standard deviation. P values are from analyses of log-transformed data accounting for age, sex, race, and body fat mass. Adjusted means and SDs from back-transformed analyses are shown. Roman numerals in group description refer to pubertal development groups at baseline and follow-up. Girls with Tanner breast stage 1 and boys with testes ≤3 mL were considered pre-pubertal and classified as pubertal group I. Girls with Tanner breast stage 2 and boys with testes >3 to <10 mL were considered to be in early puberty and classified as pubertal group II. Girls with Tanner breast stage 3 and boys with testes ≥10 to <15 mL were considered to be in mid-puberty and classified as pubertal group III. Girls with Tanner breast stage 4 and boys with testes ≥15 to <25 mL were considered to be in late puberty and classified as pubertal group IV. Girls with Tanner breast stage 5 and boys with testes ≥25 mL were considered end-pubertal and classified as pubertal group V. Adult participants (age >18 years) had all achieved pubertal groups IV or V when last examined. Group 1 was pre-pubertal (pubertal group I) at baseline and late-pubertal (pubertal groups IV or V) at follow-up, group 2 was early-pubertal (pubertal groups II or III) at baseline and late-pubertal (pubertal groups IV or V) at follow-up, and group 3 was late-pubertal (pubertal groups IV or V) at baseline and studied again at follow-up as adults 4 to 10 years later.
ANOVA, analysis of variance.
Values followed by different superscripted letters on the same line were significantly different (P≤0.05).