Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Cohort Studies Included in the Present Meta-Analysis
| Study | Country | Study population | Classification of hyperthyroidism | Mean or median age | No. of total subjects | No. of hyperthyroid subjects | CV outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kim et al. (2020) [26] | Korea | Community dwelling | Overt | Overt: 48.5 Control: 48.5 |
1,239,441 | 59,021 | IHD and stroke |
| Okosieme et al. (2019) [32] | England | Community dwelling | Overt | Overt: 48±16 Control: 48±16 |
20,945 | 4,189 | IHD, stroke, and HF |
| Langen et al. (2018) [28] | Finland | Community dwelling | Subclinical | Subclinical: 56.8±16.5 Control: 50.5±13.8 |
5,211 | 108 | IHD and stroke |
| Ryodi et al. (2018) [17] | Finland | Community dwelling | Overt | 49 (35–63) | 24,580 | 6,148 | IHD, stroke, HF, and CV mortality |
| Journy et al. (2017) [25] | United States | Community dwelling | Overt | Overt: <60 years Control: <60 years |
75,076 | 1,501 | CV mortality |
| Giesecke et al. (2017) [21] | Sweden | Community dwelling | Overt | Overt: 61.3 Control: 49.1 |
15,924 | 12,239 | CV mortality |
| Martin et al. (2017) [29] | United States | Community dwelling | Overt, subclinical | Overt: 56.7±5.8 Subclinical: 56.2±5.7 Control: 56.5±5.7 |
11,359 | Overt: 206 Subclinical: 378 |
IHD and stroke |
| Pearce et al. (2016) [33] | United Kingdom | Community dwelling | Subclinical | 85.5±0.4 | 643 | 19 | CV mortality |
| Bruere et al. (2015) [9] | France | High CVD risk (A-fib patients) | Overt | Overt: 71±14 Control: 68±13 |
8,962 | 141 | Stroke |
| Geng et al. (2015) [20] | China | High CVD risk (type 2 diabetes) | Subclinical | Subclinical: 57.5±14.7 Control: 58.8±13.5 |
1,115 | 74 | IHD |
| la Cour et al. (2015) [27] | Denmark | Community dwelling | Overt | Overt: 61.9±14.3 Control: 61.0±14.2 |
25,562 | 4,000 | Stroke |
| Yang et al. (2015) [42] | Taiwan | Community dwelling | Overt | Overt: 40.9±14.3 Control: 41.3±14.5 |
68,462 | 16,808 | Stroke |
| Chen et al. (2014) [13] | China | High CVD risk (A-fib patients) | Overt | Overt: 55.1±1.7 Control: 59.4±1.1 |
269 | 62 | Stroke |
| Drechsler et al. (2014) [16] | Germany | High CVD risk (diabetic hemodialysis) | Subclinical | Subclinical: 66.9±7.9 Control: 65.3±8.5 |
1,000 | 137 | IHD and stroke |
| Perez et al. (2014) [34] | Europe, multicenter | High CVD risk (heart failure) | Subclinical | Subclinical: 72.9±6.2 Control: 72.6±7.1 |
4,987 | 175 | HF and CV mortality |
| Brandt et al. (2013) [8] | Denmark | Community dwelling | Overt | Graves’ disease: 55 (18–96) Toxic nodular goiter: 62 (18–96) |
10,760 | 2,152 | CV mortality |
| Ceresini et al. (2013) [11] | Italy | Community dwelling | Subclinical | >65 years | 951 | 83 | CV mortality |
| Asvold et al. (2012) [5] | Norway | Community dwelling | Subclinical | Male: 53 (46–65) Female: 54 (47–67) |
26,707 | 524 | IHD and HF |
| Nanchen et al. (2012) [31] | Europe, multicenter | High CVD risk (CVD patients) | Subclinical | Subclinical: 75.3±3.1 Control: 75.3±3.4 |
5,316 | 71 | IHD, HF, and CV mortality |
| Waring et al. (2012) [41] | United States | Community dwelling | Subclinical | Subclinical: 74.1 Control: 73.6 |
1,587 | 41 | CV mortality |
| Molinaro et al. (2012) [30] | Italy | High CVD risk | Subclinical | Subclinical: 69.3 (65–73) Control: 65 (64–66) |
1,026 | 23 | CV mortality |
| de Jongh et al. (2011) [15] | Netherland | Community dwelling | Subclinical | Subclinical: 77.7±7.0 Control: 75.5±6.5 |
1,219 | 34 | CV mortality |
| Schultz et al. (2011) [36] | Denmark | High CVD risk (type 2 diabetes) | Subclinical | Subclinical: 74±10 Control: 67.5±10.5 |
609 | 25 | Stroke and CV mortality |
| Boekholdt et al. (2010) [7] | United Kingdom | Community dwelling | Subclinical | Subclinical: 59±10 Control: 58±9 |
11,554 | 216 | IHD |
| Ittermann et al. (2010) [24] | German | Community dwelling | Overt, subclinical | Subclinical: 61 (48–69) Overt: NA Control: 48 (35–62) |
3,651 | Subclinical: 243 Overt: 27 |
CV mortality |
| Sheu et al. (2010) [38] | Taiwan | Community dwelling | Overt | Overt: 32.1±7.4 Control: 32.1±7.5 |
28,584 | 3,176 | Stroke |
| Sgarbi et al. (2010) [37] | Brazil | Community dwelling | Subclinical | Subclinical: 61.4±12.5 Control: 56.4±12.4 |
1,110 | 69 | CV mortality |
| Siu et al. (2009) [39] | Hong Kong | High CVD risk (A-fib patients) | Overt | Overt: 64.7±1.3 Control: 64.7±1.1 |
480 | 160 | Stroke |
| Volzke et al. (2009) [40] | Germany | High CVD risk (IHD patients) | Subclinical | Subclinical: 62.0±7.9 Control: 61.0±8.0 |
942 | 118 | CV mortality |
| Rodondi et al. (2008) [35] | United States | Community dwelling | Subclinical | Subclinical: 73.8±6.9 Control: 72.5±5.5 |
3,044 | 44 | HF |
| Bauer et al. (2007) [6] | United States | Community dwelling | Overt | Overt: 72.3±5.6 Control: 71.6± 5.3 |
9,449 | 891 | CV mortality |
| Iervasi et al. (2007) [23] | Italy | High CVD (IHD patients) | Subclinical | Subclinical: 60.5 (59–62) Control: 59.9 (59–60) |
3,121 | 98 | CV mortality, IHD |
| Cappola et al. (2006) [10] | United States | Community dwelling | Subclinical | Subclinical: 73.9±6.8 Control: 72.6±5.6 |
3,233 | 31 | IHD, stroke, and CV mortality |
| Qureshi et al. (2006) [44] | United States | Community dwelling | Overt | 48±14 | 5,269 | 34 | Stroke |
| Walsh et al. (2005) [46] | Australia | Community dwelling | Subclinical | Subclinical: 51.3±14.9 Control: 49.2±17.0 |
2,108 | 37 | IHD and CV mortality |
| Gussekloo et al. (2004) [22] | Netherland | Community dwelling | Subclinical | >85 years | 558 | 19 | CV mortality, IHD |
| Parle et al. (2001) [43] | United Kingdom | Community dwelling | Subclinical | Male 70.1 (69.6–70.6) Female 70.7 (70.2–71.4) |
1,191 | 71 | CV mortality |
CV, cardiovascular; IHD, ischemic heart disease; HF, heart failure; CVD, cardiovascular disease; NA, not available; A-fib, atrial fibrillation.