Table 1.
Baseline measurements and scar size after neonatal BCG vaccination at 13 month among the 1857 BCG-vaccinated children in the Danish Calmette Study who developed a scar. Analysed by bootstrap.
| Determinants | Median (IQR) |
Crude |
Adjusted∗ |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P50 (P25–P75) | Difference in median/cm. | 95 % CI | p-value | Difference in median/cm. | 95 % CI | ∗∗p-value | |||
| External determinants | Study site | Hvidovre hospital | 0.45 (0.35–0.60) | 0 (ref.) | 0 (ref.) | ||||
| Rigshospitalet | 0.50 (0.40–0.60) | 0.05 | (0.01–0.09) | <0.001 | 0.01 | (-0.12 to 0.14) | 0.84 | ||
| Kolding hospital | 0.40 (0.33–0.55) | -0.05 | (-0.09 to -0.01) | 0.05 | (-0.11 to -0.20) | ||||
| Vaccine batch | 1. "112032A″ | 0.45 (0.35–0.55) | 0 (ref.) | 0 (ref.) | |||||
| 2. "111046B″ | 0.50 (0.35–0.60) | 0.05 | (0.03–0.07) | <0.001 | 0.03 | (-0.02 to 0.08) | 0.20 | ||
| Vaccinator experience | 0 to 9 | 0.45 (0.35–0.58) | 0 (ref.) | 0 (ref.) | |||||
| 10 to 49 | 0.44 (0.35–0.55) | 0.00 | (-0.04 to 0.04) | <0.001 | -0.02 | (-0.06 to 0.02) | <0.001 | ||
| 50 to 99 | 0.45 (0.35–0.55) | 0.00 | (-0.05 to 0.05) | 0.01 | (-0.04 to 0.07) | ||||
| ≥ 100 | 0.50 (0.40–0.60) | 0.05 | (0.02–0.08) | 0.06 | (-0.02 to 0.14) | ||||
| Parental determinants | Maternal age at delivery | <27 years | 0.45 (0.35–0.55) | 0 (ref.) | 0 (ref.) | ||||
| 27-32 years | 0.45 (0.35–0.55) | 0.00 | (-0.04 to 0.04) | 1.00 | -0.02 | (-0.04 to 0.02) | 0.38 | ||
| >32 years | 0.45 (0.35–0.60) | 0.00 | (-0.05 to 0.05) | -0.00 | (-0.03 to 0.03) | ||||
| Maternal BCG | Yes | 0.45 (0.35–0.59) | 0 (ref.) | 0 (ref.) | |||||
| No | 0.45 (0.35–0.55) | -0.03 | (-0.07 to 0.02) | 0.28 | -0.01 | (-0.04 to 0.02) | 0.36 | ||
| Parental smokingb | Yes | 0.45 (0.35–0.58) | 0 (ref.) | 0 (ref.) | |||||
| No | 0.45 (0.35–0.55) | 0.00 | (-0.04 to 0.04) | 1.00 | 0.01 | (-0.02 to 0.04) | 0.50 | ||
| Atopic dispositionc | Yes | 0.45 (0.35–0.55) | 0 (ref.) | 0 (ref.) | |||||
| No | 0.45 (0.35–0.58) | 0.00 | (-0.03 to 0.03) | 1.00 | 0.02 | (-0.00 to 0.04) | 0.12 | ||
| Other children <4 years of age in the homed | Yes | 0.45 (0.35–0.55) | 0 (ref.) | 0 (ref.) | |||||
| No | 0.45 (0.35–0.58) | -0.00 | (-0.03 to 0.03) | 1.00 | -0.00 | (-0.03 to 0.02) | 0.78 | ||
| Individual determinants | Sex | Boys | 0.48 (0.35–0.60) | 0 (ref.) | 0 (ref.) | ||||
| Girls | 0.45 (0.35–0.55) | -0.03 | (-0.07 to 0.02) | 0.30 | -0.01 | (-0.03 to 0.01) | 0.26 | ||
| Prematurity | <37 weeks | 0.48 (0.33–0.60) | 0 (ref.) | 0 (ref.) | |||||
| ≥37 weeks | 0.45 (0.35–0.55) | -0.03 | (-0.12 to 0.07) | 0.61 | -0.03 | (-0.11 to 0.05) | 0.44 | ||
| Birth weight | <2500 g | 0.45 (0.31–0.60) | 0 (ref.) | 0 (ref.) | |||||
| ≥2500 g | 0.45 (0.35–0.55) | 0.00 | (-0.09 to 0.09) | 1.00 | 0.02 | (-0.06 to 0.11) | 0.58 | ||
| Caesarean section | Yes | 0.45 (0.35–0.55) | 0 (ref.) | 0 (ref.) | |||||
| No | 0.45 (0.35–0.58) | 0.00 | (-0.04 to 0.04) | 1.00 | 0.01 | (-0.02 to 0.04) | 0.42 | ||
| Child age at BCG vaccination | Day 0-1 | 0.45 (0.35–0.55) | 0 (ref.) | 0 (ref.) | |||||
| Day 2-7 | 0.45 (0.35–0.60) | 0.00 | (-0.03 to 0.03) | 1.00 | -0.00 | (-0.03 to 0.02) | 0.63 | ||
| Ethnicitye | Yes | 0.45 (0.35–0.55) | 0 (ref.) | 0 (ref.) | |||||
| No | 0.45 (0.35–0.58) | 0.00 | (-0.04 to 0.04) | 1.00 | 0.01 | (-0.01 to 0.03) | 0.41 | ||
| Exclusively breastfeeda | Yes | 0.45 (0.35–0.55) | 0 (ref.) | 0 (ref.) | |||||
| No | 0.48 (0.35–0.60) | 0.03 | (-0.01 to 0.06) | 0.18 | -0.00 | (-0.02 to 0.02) | 0.77 | ||
| Mid-upper arm circumferencef | 1 | 0.40 (0.30–0.55) | 0 (ref.) | 0 (ref.) | |||||
| 2 | 0.45 (0.35–0.55) | 0.05 | 0.02 to 0.08) | <0.001 | 0.03 | (-0.00 to 0.06) | 0.27 | ||
| 3 | 0.45 (0.35–0.60) | 0.05 | (0.00–1.00) | 0.02 | (-0.01 to 0.06) | ||||
| 4 | 0.50 (0.38–0.60) | 0.1 | (0.07–0.13) | 0.03 | (-0.01 to 0.07) | ||||
| Δweightg | 1 | 0.43 (0.33–0.55) | 0 (ref.) | 0 (ref.) | |||||
| 2 | 0.45 (0.35–0.55) | 0.03 | (-0.02 to 0.07) | <0.001 | 0.01 | (-0.01 to 0.04) | 0.15 | ||
| 3 | 0.48 (0.35–0.60) | 0.05 | (-0.02 to 0.11) | 0.03 | (0.00–0.06) | ||||
| 4 | 0.50 (0.38–0.60) | 0.08 | (0.03–0.12) | 0.04 | (0.01–0.08) | ||||
Analysis adjusted for study site, vaccine batch, vaccine experience, maternal age at delivery, maternal BCG vaccination, parental smoking, atopic disposition, other children <4 years of age in the home, sex, prematurity, birth weight, caesarean section, child age at BCG vaccination, ethnicity, exclusively breastfeed, mid-upper arm circumference and Δweight.
Wald test.
Exclusively breastfeed: breastfeeding in the first 3 months of life.
Smoking: all types of smoking by parents included as well as inside and outside smoking in the first 12 month of life.
Atopic disposition: at least one first degree relative with atopic disease (physician-diagnosed atopic eczema, asthma or asthmatic bronchitis, allergic rhino conjunctivitis or food allergy).
Any other children <4 years of age in the house at least 5 days a week.
Danish ethnicity or other ethnicity.
Mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) is divided in quartiles: 1) 12.1 cm–14.9 cm, 2) 14.9 cm–15.6 cm, 3) 15.6 cm–16.5 cm and 4) 16.5 cm–20 cm.
Δweight: gain in weight from birth to the 13-month clinical examination; divided in quantiles: 1) 3415 g–6042 g, 2) 6044 g–6688 g, 3) 6689 g–7460 g, 4) 7464 g–10910 g.