Table 1.
Themes and subthemes based on barriers and facilitators
| Theme | Subthemes | Subtheme description | Number of studies | Strength of evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Child’s environment | Family-centered focus | A holistic approach on a family's welfare | 17 | Medium—strong |
| Fragmentation | Collaboration between education and health care systems | 5 | Strong | |
| Preconditions | Time | Time to address a broad spectrum of problems and for interprofessional collaboration | 25 | Strong—very strong |
| Financial | Financial support and funding streams | 7 | Strong | |
| Professionals and resources | Availability of professionals and services | 28 | Strong | |
| Care Process | Screening and assessment | Broad assessment of problems and the use of screening tools | 21 | Strong |
| Shared Care plan | Several perspectives and goals in a comprehensive care plan | 5 | Medium—strong | |
| Referral | Transition between care providers | 9 | Medium—strong | |
| Expertise | Knowledge and training | Extending knowledge by means of training | 37 | Strong |
| Guidelines | The use of evidence-based guidelines to support professionals | 13 | Strong | |
| Self-efficacy | Confidence and comfort of professionals to provide integrated care | 15 | Strong | |
| Interprofessional collaboration | General aspects of collaboration | The importance of interprofessional relationships | 10 | Medium—strong |
| Familiarity with other professionals | Knowing and understanding other professionals’ expertise | 16 | Strong—very strong | |
| Forms | ||||
| Co-location | Multiple services at one location | 19 | Strong | |
| Multidisciplinary meetings | Meetings where professionals share knowledge, highlight concerns and reflect on care processes | 13 | Strong—very strong | |
| Consultation | Consultation of other (specialist) professionals | 18 | Strong | |
| Care coordination | Professional with the specific task to coordinate a care process | 6 | Medium | |
| Information exchange | Communication | A shared language and motivation to communicate | 22 | Strong—very strong |
| Sharing information and confidentiality | Content and frequency of information exchange, shared medical records and legal guidelines for sharing information | 27 | Strong | |
| Professional identity | Professional roles and responsibilities | Clarity and expectations about professional roles, sharing responsibility | 27 | Strong |
| Attitudes | Attitudes and commitment towards integrated care and collaboration | 16 | Strong | |
| Shared thinking | A shared foundation in thoughts, aims, priorities, and values | 22 | Strong—very strong | |
| Trust, respect and equality | Mutual trust, respect for other professionals and perceived equality | 20 | Strong |