Table 2.
Meta-analysis for the effect of B. monnieri on memory and attention in healthy people.
| Outcomes | n Studies | n Individuals | Outcome differences | Heterogeneity | Publication bias-fail safe N | Reference | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weighted mean (95% CI) | P value | I2 (%) | P value | Rosenthal (P value) | ||||
| AVLT delayed recall | 4 | 239 | 0.85 (− 0.22, 1.91) | 0.120 | 93.08 | < 0.01 | 29 (< 0.001) | 74,76,77,80 |
| AVLT learning rate | 4 | 237 | 0.50 (− 0.17, 1.16) | 0.142 | 83.53 | < 0.01 | 13 (< 0.001) | 72,76,77,80 |
| AVLT forgetting rate | 3 | 193 | − 0.03 (− 0.31, 0.27) | 0.851 | 0 | 0.453 | 0 (0.371) | 72,77,80 |
| AVLT proactive interference | 3 | 193 | 0.62 (− 0.05, 1.29) | 0.071 | 80.41 | 0.006 | 15 (< 0.001) | 72,77,80 |
| AVLT retroactive interference | 3 | 193 | − 1.3 (− 0.57, 0.31) | 0.565 | 57.17 | 0.097 | 0 (0.180) | 72,77,80 |
| Digit span forwards | 5 | 245 | 0.07 (− 0.80, 0.91) | 0.873 | 90.28 | < 0.01 | 0 (0.335) | 4,73,76,81 |
| Digit span reverse | 5 | 245 | − 0.04 | 0.095 | 78.19 | 0.001 | 0 (0.393) | 4,72,73,76,81 |
| Paired associate learning | 3 | 123 | 0.31 (− 0.10, 0.72) | 0.143 | 19.9 | 0.287 | 1 (0.048) | 73,76,81 |
| Simple reaction time | 4 | 212 | − 0.07 (− 0.36, 0.22) | 0.618 | 0 | 0.564 | 0 (0.310) | 72,75,79,81 |
| Choice reaction time | 4 | 212 | − 0.20 (− 0.50, 0.09) | 0.179 | 9 | 0.518 | 0 (0.082) | 72,75,79,81 |
| Logical memory | 3 | 162 | 1.11 (0.43, 1.80) | 0.001 | 73.23 | 0.024 | 43 (0.001) | 73,78,81 |