Table 1.
Biological therapies.
| Type of treatment | Number of cases | Percent |
|---|---|---|
| Name of biological drug | ||
| Ibrutinib | 1 | 4.5 |
| Alectinib | 2 | 9.1 |
| Bacillus Calmette–Guerin | 1 | 4.5 |
| Durvalumab | 1 | 4.5 |
| EGFR inhibitors | 1 | 4.5 |
| Ipilimumab | 1 | 4.5 |
| Ixazomib | 1 | 4.5 |
| Nivolomab | 1 | 4.5 |
| Pembrolizumab | 2 | 9.1 |
| Pemetrexed | 1 | 4.5 |
| Pimasertib | 1 | 4.5 |
| Trametinib | 1 | 4.5 |
| Vemurafenib | 8 | 36.4 |
| Biological treatment groups | ||
| Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) | 2 | 9.1 |
| BRAF inhibitors | 8 | 36.4 |
| Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) | 1 | 4.5 |
| Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) | 1 | |
| MEK1/2 | 2 | 4.5 |
| Programmed death ligand-1 (PD-1) | 4 | 9.1 |
| Other | 4 | 18.2 |
| Biological treatment groups by mechanisms | ||
| Group 1—BRAF + MEK | 10 | 45.5 |
| Group 2—CTLA4 + PD1 | 5 | 22.7 |
| Group 3—EGFR + ALK | 3 | 13.6 |
| Group 4—Other | 4 | 18.2 |
| Additional treatments—before biological treatment | ||
| Chemotherapy | 6 | 27.3 |
| Radiation | 6 | 27.3 |
| Surgery | 6 | 27.3 |
| Systemic side effects | ||
| Musculoskeletal | 6 | 27.3 |
| Skin | 13 | 59.1 |
| Gastrointestinal | 7 | 31.8 |
| Others | 12 | 54.5 |