Table 2.
Echocardiographic parameters of all patients with low and intermediate risk of PH
| All patients with sarcoidosis (n=55) | Low risk of PH on echo (n=47) | Intermediate–high risk of PH on echo (n=8) | P-value* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LVEDD (mm) | 44.8±4.3 | 44.8±4.1 | 44.7±5.5 | 0.977 |
| LVESD (mm) | 28.4±4.2 | 28.2±3.9 | 29.6±5.3 | 0.547 |
| LV EF (%) | 65.3±6.5 | 65.7±6.1 | 62.9±8.4 | 0.110 |
| RV basal diameter (mm) | 30.2±3.7 | 29.8±3.7 | 32.2±3.0 | 0.040 |
| RV/LV ratio | 0.7±0.1 | 0.7±0.1 | 0.7±0.1 | 0.983 |
| LAA (cm2) | 15.2±3.5 | 14.6±3.1 | 18.6±3.9 | 0.006 |
| RAA (cm2) | 12.9±2.7 | 12.6±2.8 | 14.7±1.9 | 0.019 |
| Septum (mm) | 10.1±1.5 | 9.8±1.4 | 11.1±1.5 | 0.019 |
| LV mass (gr) | 148.0±34.8 | 145.2±33.6 | 164.3±39.7 | 0.231 |
| RV wall thickness (mm) | 4.8±0.9 | 4.7±0.6 | 5.9±1.7 | 0.029 |
| PA diameter (mm) | 20.6±2.4 | 20.3±2.3 | 22.7±1.7 | 0.004 |
| Transmitral E velocity (cm/s) | 0.8±0.2 | 0.8±0.2 | 0.8±0.4 | 0.178 |
| Transmitral E-wave DT (ms) | 200.5±40.4 | 196.7±33.5 | 222.4±67.9 | 0.098 |
| Transmitral E/A ratio | 1.0±0.3 | 1.1±0.3 | 0.9±0.1 | 0.041 |
| Mitral lateral E’ (cm/s) | 11.2±3.7 | 11.7±3.6 | 7.9±2.4 | 0.004 |
| Mitral lateral S’ (cm/s) | 10.8±2.9 | 11.2±2.9 | 8.3±1.9 | 0.009 |
| E/E’ ratio (cm/s) | 7.5±2.9 | 7.0±2.1 | 9.9±5.2 | 0.081 |
| Tricuspid lateral S’ (cm/s) | 12.9±2.3 | 12.8±2.1 | 13.5±3.4 | 0.552 |
| TAPSE (cm) | 22.9±4.0 | 23.0±3.9 | 22.1±5.1 | 0.587 |
| RV FAC (%) | 45.4±8.9 | 46.6±8.5 | 38.6±8.8 | 0.018 |
| RV outflow acceleration time (m/s) | 119.3±27.7 | 122.7±25.1 | 99.5±5.0 | 0.069 |
| Tricuspid regurgitation velocity (m/s) | 2.3±0.4 | 2.2±0.3 | 3.1±0.5 | <0.001 |
| RAP (mm Hg) | 3.2±0.9 | 3.0 | 4.3±2.3 | 0.001 |
| SPAP (mm Hg) | 25.8±9.6 | 22.9±5.1 | 42.8±2.3 | <0.001 |
| VCI collapse <50% | 1 (1.8%) | - | 1 (12.5%) | 0.142 |
| RV outflow midsystolic notch | 2 (3.6%) | - | 2 (25%) | 0.010 |
| PR velocity >2.2 m/s | 1 (1.8%) | - | 1 (12.5%) | 0.142 |
| RV outflow VTI | 18.3±3.6 | 18.5±3.6 | 17.5±3.9 | 0.366 |
| LV GLS (%) | −16.9±3.8 | −17.2±3.7 | −15.1±4.0 | 0.143 |
| RV GLS (%) | −18.9±5.9 | −17.8±4.7 | −14.3±5.3 | 0.086 |
Comparison of low and intermediate–high risk of PH
DT - deceleration time; EF - ejection fraction; FAC - fractional area change; LAA - left atrium area; LV - left ventricular; LVEDD - LV end-diastolic diameter; LVESD - LV end-systolic diameter; LV GLS - left ventricular global longitudinal strain; PY - pulmonary valve regurgitation; RAA - right atrium area; RAP - right atrial pressure estimated by VCI collapse; RV - Right ventricular; RV GLS - RV global longitudinal strain; sPAB - systolic pulmonary artery pressure measured by tricuspid valve regurgitation velocity; TAPSE - tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; VCI - vena cava inferior; VTI - velocity time integral