Table 1.
Std Run | S/S Ratio (g/100 mL) | Power (W) | Duty Cycle (%) | Time (Min.) | Yield(g/g) | TPC (mg GAE/g DW) | TFC (mg QE/g DW) | AOX (mg GAE/g DW) | TAC (mg Cyn-3-glc eq/100 g DW) | BI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. | 2.00 | 70.00 | 20.00 | 1.00 | 0.33 ± 0.04de | 80.69 ± 3.8lm | 18.51 ± 2.7i | 122.94 ± 7.8bcde | 7.02 ± 1.00 h | 74.86 ± 3.4a |
2. | 10.00 | 70.00 | 20.00 | 1.00 | 0.25 ± 0.01e | 75.58 ± 4.2m | 9.31 ± 1.0j | 85.66 ± 6.1e | 7.39 ± 0.05 h | 43.96 ± 2.4fgh |
3. | 2.00 | 210.00 | 20.00 | 1.00 | 0.43 ± 0.02abcd | 131.78 ± 6.0efgh | 27.38 ± 1.4defg | 167.36 ± 8.6ab | 15.32 ± 2.43 g | 70.89 ± 4.4ab |
4. | 10.00 | 210.00 | 20.00 | 1.00 | 0.35 ± 0.01bcde | 111.46 ± 4.7hijk | 17.56 ± 3.0i | 120.14 ± 7.3cde | 14.24 ± 0.27 g | 43.46 ± 1.8gh |
5. | 2.00 | 70.00 | 80.00 | 1.00 | 0.41 ± 0.00abcd | 120.52 ± 6.4hij | 25.97 ± 0.5efgh | 142.56 ± 4.3abcd | 15.70 ± 0.94 g | 73.27 ± 5.2ab |
6. | 10.00 | 70.00 | 80.00 | 1.00 | 0.33 ± 0.02de | 106.32 ± 3.1ijk | 17.66 ± 2.9i | 134.13 ± 16.0abcd | 15.01 ± 0.17 g | 42.01 ± 1.4ghi |
7. | 2.00 | 210.00 | 80.00 | 1.00 | 0.43 ± 0.08abcd | 126.98 ± 2.4fghi | 28.26 ± 0.3cdefg | 144.31 ± 11.2abcd | 16.67 ± 0.33 fg | 64.11 ± 3.3bcd |
8. | 10.00 | 210.00 | 80.00 | 1.00 | 0.36 ± 0.02bcde | 101.27 ± 7.1jkl | 20.86 ± 0.7hi | 129.61 ± 6.4abcde | 17.67 ± 0.28cdefg | 41.27 ± 2.4ghi |
9. | 2.00 | 70.00 | 20.00 | 10.00 | 0.37 ± 0.05bcd | 111.49 ± 4.3hijk | 25.73 ± 2.7fgh | 135.98 ± 8.2abcd | 18.23 ± 0.49bcdefg | 66.09 ± 3.4abc |
10. | 10.00 | 70.00 | 20.00 | 10.00 | 0.34 ± 0.03cde | 92.60 ± 3.9klm | 20.74 ± 1.9hi | 112.22 ± 8.0de | 17.56 ± 0.07efg | 50.42 ± 2.3efg |
11. | 2.00 | 210.00 | 20.00 | 10.00 | 0.42 ± 0.09abcd | 162.05 ± 1.2abcd | 33.80 ± 0.1abc | 172.05 ± 10.5a | 23.85 ± 1.69a | 56.72 ± 3.3cde |
12. | 10.00 | 210.00 | 20.00 | 10.00 | 0.40 ± 0.09bcd | 131.34 ± 5.2efgh | 27.95 ± 2.2defg | 150.06 ± 12.1abcd | 22.67 ± 0.05abcd | 41.47 ± 1.5ghi |
13. | 2.00 | 70.00 | 80.00 | 10.00 | 0.46 ± 0.01ab | 176.66 ± 0.7ab | 34.99 ± 0.4ab | 167.31 ± 3.1ab | 21.59 ± 0.63abcdef | 53.52 ± 3.3ef |
14. | 10.00 | 70.00 | 80.00 | 10.00 | 0.43 ± 0.05abcd | 152.74 ± 1.8bcde | 30.50 ± 0.1bcdef | 163.98 ± 11.1abc | 22.24 ± 0.43abcde | 41.43 ± 2.4ghi |
15. | 2.00 | 210.00 | 80.00 | 10.00 | 0.44 ± 0.07abcd | 182.66 ± 0.4a | 37.07 ± 0.0a | 163.55 ± 11.7abc | 22.71 ± 1.39abc | 29.64 ± 1.4jk |
16. | 10.00 | 210.00 | 80.00 | 10.00 | 0.38 ± 0.04bcd | 151.88 ± 3.9cde | 32.33 ± 1.4abcd | 161.69 ± 8.4abc | 21.17 ± 0.62abcdef | 20.28 ± 1.2 k |
17. | 2.00 | 140.00 | 50.00 | 5.50 | 0.52 ± 0.10a | 171.72 ± 1.0abc | 35.43 ± 1.2ab | 165.93 ± 1.2abc | 23.60 ± 0.34a | 56.04 ± 4.3de |
18. | 10.00 | 140.00 | 50.00 | 5.50 | 0.44 ± 0.01abcd | 147.65 ± 0.5def | 30.42 ± 1.9bcdef | 133.35 ± 1.2abcd | 21.24 ± 0.43abcdef | 40.47 ± 3.4hi |
19. | 6.00 | 70.00 | 50.00 | 5.50 | 0.41 ± 0.02abcd | 120.18 ± 3.2hij | 27.43 ± 0.4defg | 122.61 ± 2.9bcde | 20.93 ± 0.02abcdef | 50.47 ± 4.2efg |
20. | 6.00 | 210.00 | 50.00 | 5.50 | 0.45 ± 0.03abcd | 144.84 ± 1.8defg | 31.24 ± 1.2bcdef | 136.89 ± 2.0abcd | 21.98 ± 0.51abcde | 42.22 ± 3.3ghi |
21. | 6.00 | 140.00 | 20.00 | 5.50 | 0.42 ± 0.01abcd | 122.54 ± 2.8ghij | 28.53 ± 0.7cdefg | 129.70 ± 0.7abcde | 21.40 ± 0.57abcdef | 42.14 ± 2.2ghi |
22. | 6.00 | 140.00 | 80.00 | 5.50 | 0.45 ± 0.01abc | 152.44 ± 3.6cde | 32.36 ± 1.0abcd | 143.27 ± 0.1abcd | 21.69 ± 0.79abcdef | 30.45 ± 1.5j |
23. | 6.00 | 140.00 | 50.00 | 1.00 | 0.37 ± 0.01bcd | 98.71 ± 4.7jklm | 24.43 ± 1.9gh | 114.26 ± 1.3de | 17.66 ± 0.47defg | 41.35 ± 3.4ghi |
24. | 6.00 | 140.00 | 50.00 | 10.00 | 0.43 ± 0.04abcd | 146.14 ± 4.1defg | 33.14 ± 1.5abcd | 145.61 ± 0.0abcd | 24.84 ± 0.05a | 33.41 ± 2.3ij |
25. | 6.00 | 140.00 | 50.00 | 5.50 | 0.44 ± 0.03abcd | 151.82 ± 3.6cde | 31.52 ± 1.5abcde | 138.04 ± 0.6abcd | 22.77 ± 0.65ab | 48.42 ± 4.2efgh |
26. | 6.00 | 140.00 | 50.00 | 5.50 | 0.46 ± 0.02ab | 153.73 ± 1.3bcde | 31.26 ± 1.1bcdef | 137.64 ± 0.1abcd | 23.21 ± 0.28ab | 44.00 ± 2.4fgh |
27. | 6.00 | 140.00 | 50.00 | 5.50 | 0.45 ± 0.01abcd | 156.83 ± 0.7bcd | 32.43 ± 0.2abcd | 143.78 ± 2.2abcd | 22.77 ± 0.25ab | 44.56 ± 3.3fgh |
28. | 6.00 | 140.00 | 50.00 | 5.50 | 0.45 ± 0.02abcd | 149.80 ± 0.7cdef | 32.36 ± 0.2abcd | 137.28 ± 0.4abcd | 22.14 ± 0.09bcde | 42.61 ± 3.5ghi |
29. | 6.00 | 140.00 | 50.00 | 5.50 | 0.45 ± 0.02abcd | 158.27 ± 0.7bcd | 31.93 ± 0.3abcd | 136.79 ± 0.4abcd | 22.51 ± 0.10bcde | 43.50 ± 2.1gh |
30. | 6.00 | 140.00 | 50.00 | 5.50 | 0.44 ± 0.01abcd | 153.67 ± 0.8bcde | 31.85 ± 0.1abcd | 141.90 ± 0.5abcd | 23.60 ± 0.02a | 45.91 ± 3.4fgh |
Each parameter was analysed and calculated in five times and values are expressed as mean ± Std. deviation. In the column, the different small letters of alphabets signify that the mean values belong to distinct subsets at 95% confidence interval. TPC: total phenolics content, TFC: total flavonoids content AOX: antioxidant capacity, TAC: total anthocyanin content, and BI: browning index