Table 1.
Summary of studies included in the literature review
| Authors | Type | Disease | Methods | Focus |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Beckmann (2011) [43] | Review | AD | Dynamic susceptibility contrast, arterial spin labelling, MR angiography (MRA) and wall shear stress | Different approaches to measuring cerebrovascular changes in humans and transgenic mice |
| Braakman et al. (2009) [44] | Review | AD | Structural MRI | Reviews the challenges of imaging amyloid plaques in vivo in mice with MR, building on initial work with ex vivo human brain tissue [58], and summarises the outstanding technical barriers to translating such methods to humans |
| Delatour et al. (2010) [45] | Review | AD | Structural MRI, diffusion MR, MRA, cerebral blood volume, MRS, PET, microscopy techniques | Overview of imaging biomarkers in AD mouse models and their potential for translation with some consideration of the technical barriers. |
| Kincses et al. (2015) [42] | Review | AD | Structural MRI (voxel-based morphometry and diffusion-weighted) and molecular imaging | Primarily structural biomarkers including features where findings in human and animal models overlap, challenges of finding animal models mirroring imaging characteristics of the disease in humans |
| Keene et al. (2016) [49] | Editorial | AD | Structural and functional MRI/PET, CSF and cognitive assessment | Standardised approach to characterising mouse models based on neuropathological features incorporated in guidelines from the National Institute on Aging and Alzheimer’s Association |
| Meadowcroft et al. (2009) [52] | Original research | AD | Structural MR, histology and electron microscopy | Post-mortem MR, electron microscopy and histology of beta-amyloid plaques in humans with AD and APP/PS1 transgenic mice to reveal the interplay between the plaques and relaxation mechanisms |
| Pan et al. (2015) [46] | Review | Stroke, epilepsy, neurodegenerative disease, stress and depression | BOLD MRI | Challenges of translating resting state functional MRI paradigms from humans to rodent models. Limited summary of applications in several different conditions. |
| Muir et al. (2016) [47] | Review | Stroke | MR/CT angiography and perfusion | Application of imaging as a part of trial recruitment and a study endpoint which can lead to more efficient study design while providing non-invasive measures at an earlier stage |
| Chaumeil et al. (2012) [51] | Original research | Huntington’s | MR spectroscopy | Rodent-human 31P MRS protocol which provides some guidance on the different considerations involved in the two aspects of the study |
| Sawiak et al. (2013) [54] | Original research | Huntington’s | Structural MRI | Development of voxel-based morphometry for mouse models assessed in a Huntington’s model |
| Holland et al. (2011) [50] | Original research | Ageing | Structural MRI, DTI and magnetisation transfer (MT) | Translation of DTI and MT protocols to a bilateral common carotid stenosis mouse model of ageing. |
| Holland et al. (2015) [22] | Original research | SVD | Structural MRI, DTI and histology | Application of radiological assessment and DTI in a bilateral common carotid stenosis mouse model to explore gliovascular alterations |
| Wardlaw et al. (2020) [48] | Review | SVD | Structural MRI, DCE-MRI phase contrast, and advanced dynamic MRI scans | Review of current knowledge and outstanding questions on PVS function with a focus on the scope for translation |
| Li et al. (2015) [55] | Original research | Hypertension | Structural MRI, ASL and magnetic resonance angiography | Application of multimodal MRI to assess vessel diameter of cerebral and downstream arteries in relation to the effects on CBF and vascular reactivity |
| Wang et al. (2020) [53] | Original research | Small vessel diseases | Structural MRI (susceptibility-weighted imaging, SWI) | Use of ultra-small super-paramagnetic iron oxide contrast agents for imaging of small vessels in rodents and humans, with a preclinical histological validation |