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. 2021 Jan 12;11:735. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-80895-w

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Phylogenetic analysis of the HA gene of A(H3N2). Sequences from 90 A/Thailand/CU strains and 142 other Thai strains available from the database were compared with the A(H3N2) vaccine and reference strains of known clades. Phylogenetic tree was constructed using the maximum-likelihood method using the HKY + G + I model with 1000 bootstrap replicates implemented in MEGAX. Branch values of > 70% are indicated at the nodes, along with the characteristic residues defining these branches. Residue changes in HA1 are denoted in black; changes in HA2 are in blue. Gain (+ CHO) and loss (−CHO) potential glycosylation sites were indicated. Southern hemisphere vaccine strains (magenta squares), the 2019–2021 northern hemisphere vaccine (green squares) and the reference strains (purple squares) are indicated. Colored circles denote the clade and subclade of A(H3N2) circulating strains. VS defined as vaccine strain.