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. 2021 Jan 12;11:543. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-80748-6

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Gene expression profiling analysis and pro-inflammatory cytokine measurement in LPS or LPS/ATP-treated bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and dendritic cells (BMDCs). (A) Functional groups of genes expression in BMDMs and BMDCs treated with LPS and ATP in the presence or absence of fucoxanthin. Red and blue color indicates expression levels higher or lower than non-treated cells, respectively. NT, non-treated cells. (B–G) BMDMs and BMDCs were pre-treated with fucoxanthin (40 μM) 4 h prior to treatment of LPS (1 μg/ml) and ATP (5 mM). The secretion of the IL-1β (B,C), IL-6 (D,E) and TNF-α (F,G) by BMDMs and BMDCs was measured by ELISA. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. ***P ≤ 0.001 (one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni's post hoc comparisons tests).