Table 2.
Domestic HIV funding and age-adjusted HIV death rates, by race/ethnicity, United States, 1999-2017a
| Model | Independent Variable | Dependent Variable | Race/Ethnicity | No. of Joinpoints | Observation Segment | Percentage Change (95% CI) per Year or per Billion US Dollars | Average Percentage Change (95% CI) per Year or per Billion US Dollars |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Death year | Age-adjusted death rate | Hispanic | 2 | 1999-2004 | −4.8 (−6.5 to −3.0)b | −7.8 (−8.7 to −6.8)b |
| 2004-2013 | −10.1 (−11.1 to −9.2)b | ||||||
| 2013-2017 | −6.1 (−9.7 to −2.3)b | ||||||
| Non-Hispanic black | 3 | 1999-2002 | −1.6 (−3.3 to 0.2) | −6.6 (−7.2 to −6.1)b | |||
| 2002-2007 | −4.9 (−6.0 to −3.8)b | ||||||
| 2007-2011 | −12.0 (−14.0 to −10.0)b | ||||||
| 2011-2017 | −6.8 (−7.7 to −6.0)b | ||||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 2 | 1999-2005 | −3.9 (−4.9 to −3.0)b | −5.9 (−6.6 to −5.1)b | |||
| 2005-2010 | −9.8 (−11.8 to −7.7)b | ||||||
| 2010-2017 | −4.6 (−5.8 to −3.4)b | ||||||
| Non-Hispanic API+AI/AN | 0 | 1999-2017 | −5.2 (−6.2 to −4.1)b | −5.2 (−6.2 to −4.1)b | |||
| 2 | HIV funding in billion US dollars | Age-adjusted death rate | Hispanic | 1 | $11-$15 billion | −5.0 (−10.0 to 0.2) | −9.4 (−10.9 to −7.8)b |
| $15-$26 billion | −11.2 (−12.4 to −9.9)b | ||||||
| Non-Hispanic black | 1 | $11-$15 billion | −1.9 (−5.8 to 2.1) | −7.8 (−9.0 to −6.6)b | |||
| $15-$26 billion | −10.3 (−11.2 to −9.3)b | ||||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 2 | $11-$16 billion | −3.9 (−6.3 to −1.4)b | −6.7 (−9.3 to −4.0)b | |||
| $16-$20 billion | −13.6 (−24.7 to −1.0)b | ||||||
| $20-$26 billion | −5.6 (−8.1 to −3.0)b | ||||||
| Non-Hispanic API+AI/AN | 1 | $11-$15 billion | 0.4 (−8.1 to 9.7) | −5.2 (−7.8 to −2.5)b | |||
| $15-$26 billion | −7.5 (−9.3 to −5.7)b | ||||||
| 3 | HIV funding in 2018 billion US dollars | Age-adjusted death rate | Hispanic | 0 | $16-$27 billion | −13.3 (−15.9 to −10.6)b | −13.3 (−15.9 to −10.6)b |
| Non-Hispanic black | 1 | $16-$22 billion | −5.2 (−9.4 to −0.8)b | −11.5 (−14.4 to −8.4)b | |||
| $22-$27 billion | −17.6 (−22.3 to −12.7)b | ||||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 1 | $16-$21 billion | −5.6 (−11.6 to 0.8) | −10.2 (−13.3 to −7.1)b | |||
| $21-$27 billion | −13.7 (−17.4 to −9.8)b | ||||||
| Non-Hispanic API+AI/AN | 2 | $16-$22 billion | −1.0 (−5.3 to 3.5) | −6.0 (−26.3 to 19.9) | |||
| $22-$26 billion | −19.1 (−28.3 to −8.8)b | ||||||
| $26-$27 billion | 10.9 (−82.3 to 594.6) |
Abbreviation: API+AI/AN, Asian/Pacific Islander and American Indian/Alaska Native.
aAge-adjusted death rates to the year 2000 US standard million with HIV as the underlying cause of death (International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision codes B20-B24) among residents of the 50 US states and the District of Columbia.
b2-sided t tests were used to determine significant average percentage changes of age-adjusted death rates; P < .05 was considered significant.