Table 2.

Multivariable Cox Proportional Hazards Regression Model of the Association Between VD and Potential Risk Factors.

Variables	Adjusted HR (95% CI)	p value
Multivariable regression analysis
Non-HPT	Reference
HPT (main model†)	1.56 (1.17–2.09)	.003
HPT (full model‡)	1.59 (1.18–2.14)	.003
Sensitivity analysis§
Main model + DM	1.56 (1.16–2.10)	.004
Main model + COPD	1.57 (1.17–2.10)	.003
Main model + LC	1.56 (1.17–2.09)	.003
Main model + CRS	1.56 (1.16–2.08)	.003
Main model + GERD	1.58 (1.18–2.11)	.002
Subgroup analysis
Sex
Female	1.35 (0.93–1.98)	.116
Male	1.94 (1.22–3.06)	.005
Age
< 65	1.66 (1.20–2.29)	.002
≥ 65	1.22 (0.62–2.41)	.571
DM
No	1.87 (1.25–2.78)	.002
Yes	1.19 (0.73–1.95)	.476
COPD
No	1.68 (1.22–2.29)	.001
Yes	1.10 (0.50–2.41)	.813
LC
No	1.51 (1.12–2.04)	.007
Yes	2.41 (0.73–7.92)	.147
CRS
No	1.67 (1.24–2.24)	.001
Yes	0.37 (0.08–1.76)	.213
GERD
No	1.75 (1.26–2.41)	.001
Yes	1.02 (0.52–2.00)	.953

HR, hazard ratio.

^†Main model was adjusted for sex, age, urbanization level, and income level.

^‡Full model was adjusted for sex, age, urbanization level, income level, and comorbidities.

^§The models were adjusted for covariates in the main model as well as for each additional listed comorbidity.