Table 2.

Patient characteristics, demographics, components of the Charlson Comorbidity Index, and underlying causes.

	72-h outcome		Total	P value
	Death (N = 133)	Survival (N = 295)
	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)
Components of updated Charlson Comorbidity Index (score)
Congestive heart failure (2)	42 (31.6)	113 (38.6)	155 (36.2)	0.1648
Dementia (2)	4 (3.0)	7 (2.4)	11 (2.6)	0.7547
Chronic pulmonary disease (1)	6 (4.5)	19 (6.5)	25 (5.8)	0.4220
Rheumatologic disease (1)	1 (0.8)	7 (2.4)	8 (1.9)	0.4443
Mild liver disease (2)	8 (6.0)	16 (5.5)	24 (5.6)	0.8245
Hemiplegia or paraplegia (2)	4 (3.0)	9 (3.1)	13 (3.0)	1.0000
Mild to severe renal disease (1)	37 (27.8)	87 (29.5)	124 (29.0)	0.7242
Diabetes with chronic complications or history of DKA (1)	14 (10.5)	29 (9.9)	43 (10.0)	0.8418
Any malignancy, including leukaemia and lymphoma (2)	39 (29.3)	66 (22.5)	105 (24.5)	0.1314
Moderate or severe liver disease (4)	125 (94.0)	279 (94.6)	404 (94.4)	0.8056
Metastatic solid tumour (6)	5 (3.8)	11 (3.8)	16 (3.7)	0.9969
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome/HIV infection (4)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	N/A
Underlying causes
Sepsis	26 (19.5)	23 (7.8)	49 (11.4)	0.0004
Pneumonia	8 (6.0)	9 (3.1)	17 (4.0)	0.1462
Infectious diseases other than sepsis and pneumonia	7 (5.3)	5 (1.7)	12 (2.8)	0.0548
Malignancy	28 (21.1)	47 (15.9)	75 (17.5)	0.1972
Hepatic disorder	6 (4.5)	35 (11.9)	41 (9.6)	0.0168
Heart failure	4 (3.0)	45 (15.3)	49 (11.4)	0.0002
Cerebrovascular disease	43 (32.3)	98 (33.2)	141 (32.9)	0.8562
Autoimmune disease	1 (0.8)	5 (1.7)	6 (1.4)	0.6707
Others	10 (7.5)	28 (9.5)	38 (8.9)	0.5067
Total	133 (100.0)	295 (100.0)	428 (100.0)	N/A

DKA, diabetic ketoacidosis; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus. P-values were calculated using Fisher’s exact test.