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. 2021 Jan 12;11:709. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-78553-2

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Piezo1 channel is activated by ultrasound with various insonification parameters, using our VD-SAW platform. (a) A schematic illustration of the combined VD-SAW transducer and fluorescent imaging system: 1: condenser, 2: function generator, 3: power amplifier, 4: three-axis micro-manipulator, 5: glass-bottom Petri dish, 6: 20 × objective lens. (b) An illustration of various parameters of the ultrasound pulses: PL: pulse length, T: period, f₀: fundamental frequency, V_in: input voltage, DC: duty cycle, PRP: pulse repetition period, PRF: pulse repetition frequency. (c) Diagrams depicting different insonification protocols with varying PL while maintaining a constant total ultrasound exposure energy. TT: treatment time.