Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants.
| Total | Diabetes onset ( −) | Diabetes onset ( +) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 167,684 | 161,455 | 6,229 | |
| Age, years | 63.7 (7.8) | 63.6 (7.8) | 65.4 (6.5) | < 0.01 |
| % Male | 38.8 | 38.3 | 51.7 | < 0.01 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 23.0 (3.1) | 22.9 (3.1) | 24.3 (3.5) | < 0.01 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 83.3 (8.8) | 83.1 (8.8) | 86.8 (9.1) | < 0.01 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 129 (17) | 129 (17) | 134 (17) | < 0.01 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 76 (11) | 76 (11) | 78 (11) | < 0.01 |
| Fasting plasma glucose, mg/dl | 93.3 (9.7) | 92.9 (9.3) | 104.8 (11.6) | < 0.01 |
| HbA1c, % | 5.59 (0.33) | 5.57 (0.32) | 6.01 (0.34) | < 0.01 |
| LDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 126.6 (29.7) | 126.6 (29.7) | 126.5 (31.5) | N.S |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 62.7 (16.0) | 62.9 (16.0) | 58.3 (15.2) | < 0.01 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 112.6 (69.5) | 111.8 (68.8) | 133.5 (84.5) | < 0.01 |
| AST, U/L | 24.0 (9.2) | 23.9 (9.0) | 25.8 (12.4) | < 0.01 |
| ALT, U/L | 21.2 (12.4) | 21.1 (12.2) | 25.4 (16.4) | < 0.01 |
| ɤGT, U/L | 34.2 (40.5) | 33.8 (39.9) | 44.4 (53.8) | < 0.01 |
| Hypertension, % | 44.0 | 43.4 | 61.4 | < 0.01 |
| Dyslipidemia, % | 54.5 | 54.1 | 64.9 | < 0.01 |
| Current smoker, % | 13.1 | 12.9 | 16.9 | < 0.01 |
| Everyday drinking, % | 22.1 | 22.2 | 25.6 | < 0.01 |
| Weight gain over 10 kg since 20 years of age, % | 31.2 | 30.6 | 46.2 | < 0.01 |
| Weight change ± 3 kg within 1 year, % | 19.9 | 19.7 | 26.2 | < 0.01 |
| Exercise to sweat lightly, % | 41.7 | 41.6 | 45.4 | < 0.01 |
| Walking > 1 h/day, % | 52.2 | 52.1 | 54.1 | < 0.01 |
| Fast walking, % | 50.1 | 50.2 | 47.9 | < 0.01 |
AST aspartate aminotransferase, ALT alanine aminotransferase, γGT γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, N.S. not significant.
Values are Mean (SD) or %. P: provability by two-tailed unpaired t-test or χ2 test. BMI: body mass index.