Table 2.
Unadjusted and multivariable-adjusted odds ratio for the risk of new-onset diabetes mellitus of three physical activity measures.
| Model 1 (Unadjusted) | Model 2 | Model 3 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | P | OR (95% CI) | P | OR (95% CI) | P | |
| All | ||||||
| Exercise to sweat lightly | 1.19 (1.13–1.26) | < 0.05 | 1.06 (1.00–1.12) | < 0.05 | 1.07 (1.01–1.14) | < 0.05 |
| Walking > 1 h/day | 1.11 (1.05–1.17) | < 0.05 | 1.05 (1.00–1.11) | 0.06 | 1.05 (0.99–1.11) | 0.13 |
| Fast walking | 0.93 (0.88–0.98) | < 0.05 | 0.96 (0.91–1.02) | 0.16 | 0.93 (0.88–0.98) | < 0.05 |
| Age < 65 years | ||||||
| Exercise to sweat lightly | 1.20 (1.09–1.31) | < 0.05 | 1.10 (1.01–1.21) | < 0.05 | 1.11 (1.00–1.22) | 0.05 |
| Walking > 1 h/day | 1.09 (1.00–1.19) | 0.06 | 1.10 (1.01–1.20) | < 0.05 | 1.08 (0.99–1.19) | 0.10 |
| Fast walking | 0.91 (0.83–0.99) | < 0.05 | 0.96 (0.88–1.04) | 0.32 | 0.92 (0.84–1.01) | 0.08 |
| Age ≥ 65 years | ||||||
| Exercise to sweat lightly | 1.05 (0.99–1.12) | 0.11 | 1.02 (0.96–1.09) | 0.48 | 1.05 (0.98–1.13) | 0.16 |
| Walking > 1 h/day | 1.02 (0.95–1.08) | < 0.05 | 1.02 (0.95–1.08) | 0.62 | 1.03 (0.96–1.10) | 0.46 |
| Fast walking | 0.89 (0.83–0.95) | < 0.05 | 0.94 (0.88–1.00) | < 0.05 | 0.93 (0.87–1.00) | < 0.05 |
| Men | ||||||
| Exercise to sweat lightly | 1.19 (1.11–1.27) | < 0.05 | 1.11 (1.03–1.19) | < 0.05 | 1.12 (1.04–1.22) | < 0.05 |
| Walking > 1 h/day | 1.10 (1.03–1.19) | < 0.05 | 1.08 (1.01–1.16) | < 0.05 | 1.07 (0.99–1.16) | 0.08 |
| Fast walking | 0.92 (0.86–0.99) | < 0.05 | 0.95 (0.88–1.02) | 0.14 | 0.92 (0.85–0.99) | < 0.05 |
| Women | ||||||
| Exercise to sweat lightly | 1.06 (0.98–1.14) | 0.13 | 1.00 (0.93–1.08) | 0.940 | 1.03 (0.95–1.11) | 0.55 |
| Walking > 1 h/day | 1.02 (0.95–1.10) | 0.6 | 1.01 (0.94–1.09) | 0.80 | 1.01 (0.93–1.10) | 0.78 |
| Fast walking | 0.87 (0.81–0.93) | < 0.05 | 0.95 (0.88–1.02) | 0.18 | 0.95 (0.88–1.03) | 0.19 |
| BMI < 25 | ||||||
| Exercise to sweat lightly | 1.26 (1.18–1.35) | < 0.05 | 1.07 (1.01–1.15) | < 0.05 | 1.09 (1.01–1.17) | < 0.05 |
| Walking > 1 h/day | 1.17 (1.09–1.25) | < 0.05 | 1.06 (1.00–1.14) | 0.07 | 1.06 (0.99–1.14) | 0.11 |
| Fast walking | 1.01 (0.94–1.07) | 0.87 | 0.96 (0.90–1.03) | 0.26 | 0.94 (0.88–1.01) | 0.1 |
| BMI ≥ 25 | ||||||
| Exercise to sweat lightly | 1.06 (0.97–1.15) | 0.18 | 1.03 (0.94–1.12) | 0.54 | 1.05 (0.96–1.16) | 0.27 |
| Walking > 1 h/day | 1.02 (0.94–1.11) | < 0.05 | 1.01 (0.93–1.10) | 0.74 | 1.02 (0.93–1.11) | 0.71 |
| Fast walking | 0.90 (0.83–0.98) | < 0.05 | 0.93 (0.85–1.01) | 0.08 | 0.91 (0.84–1.00) | < 0.05 |
OR odds ratio, CI confidential interval, BMI body mass index, SBP: systolic blood pressure.
Model 2 (sex, age and BMI, if not applicable to sub-group variables). Model 3 (sex, age, BMI, SBP, current smoking, drink, weight gain over 10 kg from 20-years, weight change of 3 kg within 1 year, exercise to sweat lightly, walking > 1 h/day and fast walking, if not applicable to sub-group variables).