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. 2021 Jan 12;11:626. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-80231-2

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The ability of AK-0 product formulation (AK-0PF) to control anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and microscopic observation. (A) Disease suppression of anthracnose caused by C. gloeosporioides APEC18-004 on matured apples treated with AK-0PF. (B) Conidial germination was suppressed by AK-0PF. (C) Microscopic observations and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis of conidial germination and appressorium formation of C. gloeosporioides after AK-0 formulation treatment during 48 h of incubation at 25 ℃ compared to that in the non-treated control. A appressorium, GT germ tube, C conidium, H hyphae. Bar = 10 µm (microscopy), bar = 20 µm (SEM). The experiment was repeated at least once.