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. 2021 Jan 12;11:626. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-80231-2

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effect of AK-0 product formulation and chemical fungicide application against bitter rot caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides on apple orchards (under field conditions) in Yecheon (A) and Mungyeong (B) in Gyeongbuk Province, Korea. (C) Representative photographs of the apple orchard showing the application of AK-0PF (100-fold) during the period from July 2019 to October 2019 to control apple bitter rot. A total of nine times applications was performed by the foliar spray method using an electric power sprayer. Each treatment contained three replicates (plants) in the experiment. Results were compared using the least significant difference (LSD) test ‘R’, with P < 0.01. The diseased fruits were harvested five and four times, in Yecheon and Mungyeong, respectively, to record the incidence (%). Control values (disease control %) are expressed along with the data. Control: plant treated with water, ACF: plants treated with agricultural chemical fungicides (Table S1), TBWP: plants treated with tebuconazole 25% WP (wettable powder), AK-0PF: AK-0 product formulation, AK-0PF/TBWP: plants treated with AK-0PF or TBWP as an alternative spray every week. The total number of diseased fruits harvested corresponding to 100% were 492, 649, 788, 1353, and 1087 for control, ACF, TBWP25%, AK-0PF, and AK-0PF/TBWP25, respectively in Yecheon, while the diseased fruits were 323, 450, 510, 385, and 383 for control, ACF, TBWP25%, AK-0PF, and AK-0PF/TBWP25, respectively in Mungyeong.