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. 2021 Jan 12;11:725. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-80727-x

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effects of CFA and diet treatment on spontaneous expression of pain in rats. The spontaneous pain score was calculated from observations on paw favoring, lifting, and licking before and 24 h after CFA injection. For the injected paw, spontaneous pain was significantly higher compared to pre-injection for both groups (not indicated). However, there was a strong trend for spontaneous pain to be lower in ketogenic diet-treated rats. There were no effects regarding the uninjected paw. Control n = 14, ketogenic n = 12. ^#p = 0.059.