Table 4.
Gestural features | Modalities | Total drawing time (s) m ± SD |
Drawing height (mm) m ± SD |
Total drawing length (mm) m ± SD |
Average velocity (mm/s) m ± SD |
Maximum velocity (mm/s) m ± SD |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Elbow elevation | No | 19.38 ± 10 | 20.93 ± 8.56 | No significant statistics | 41.50 ± 15.35 | 44.20 ± 15.96 |
Yes | 13.41 ± 7·88 | 25.06 ± 6.18 | 57.65 ± 23.47 | 59.53 ± 22.61 | ||
p value | 0.006** | 0.01* | 0.007** | 0.009** | ||
Forearm elevation | No | 19.67 ± 10.1 | 21.08 ± 8.69 | 691.04 ± 145.38 | 41.26 ± 15.35 | 43.96 ± 16.01 |
Yes | 12.11 ± 5.67 | 24 ± 5.88 | 596.22 ± 93.09 | 58.17 ± 22.64 | 60 ± 21.4 | |
p value | 0.0006*** | 0.04* | 0.008** | 0.003** | 0.004** | |
Dynamic movement of wrist | Static | No significant statistics | 21.96 ± 8.62 | No significant statistics | ||
Flexion–extension | 23.18 ± 8.18 | |||||
Hand rotation around the wrist | 14.92 ± 2.99 | |||||
p value | 0.002** |
Modalities | Total drawing time (s) m ± SD |
Drawing height (mm) m ± SD |
Drawing width (mm) m ± SD |
Total drawing length (mm) m ± SD |
Degree of inclination of the line m ± SD |
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Displacement of the gesture | Forearm rotation around the elbow | 16.24 ± 9.83 | 20.13 ± 6.61 | 199.24 ± 5.3 | 16.95 ± 10.27 | -0.82 ± 2.69 |
Lateral movement of the forearm and the elbow | 18.97 ± 9.09 | 21.78 ± 8.35 | 197.12 ± 8.78 | 20.69 ± 10.32 | -1.41 ± 2.96 | |
Lateral movement of the trunk | 16.5 ± 7.93 | 26.2 ± 8.3 | 200.8 ± 3.12 | 16.7 ± 8.01 | -3.2 ± 2.3 | |
Flexion–extension of the wrist | 22.5 ± 9.19 | 45.5 ± 6.36 | 186.5 ± 12.02 | 24 ± 7.07 | -9 ± 1.41 | |
Rotation of the hand around the wrist | 25.8 ± 14.03 | 15.9 ± 4.41 | 201.5 ± 2.88 | 27.6 ± 14.3 | -0.8 ± 1.62 | |
p value | 0.04* | 0.005** | 0.03* | 0.02* | 0.02* |
m mean, SD standard deviation.
*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.