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. 2021 Jan 12;11:731. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-79315-w

Table 4.

Results of statistical significant correlations between postural and gestural features and spatial–temporal/kinematics measures in sample 2 (N = 122) for the copy of a line of cycloid loops.

Gestural features Modalities Total drawing time (s)
m ± SD
Drawing height (mm)
m ± SD
Total drawing length (mm)
m ± SD
Average velocity (mm/s)
m ± SD
Maximum velocity (mm/s)
m ± SD
Elbow elevation No 19.38 ± 10 20.93 ± 8.56 No significant statistics 41.50 ± 15.35 44.20 ± 15.96
Yes 13.41 ± 7·88 25.06 ± 6.18 57.65 ± 23.47 59.53 ± 22.61
p value 0.006** 0.01* 0.007** 0.009**
Forearm elevation No 19.67 ± 10.1 21.08 ± 8.69 691.04 ± 145.38 41.26 ± 15.35 43.96 ± 16.01
Yes 12.11 ± 5.67 24 ± 5.88 596.22 ± 93.09 58.17 ± 22.64 60 ± 21.4
p value 0.0006*** 0.04* 0.008** 0.003** 0.004**
Dynamic movement of wrist Static No significant statistics 21.96 ± 8.62 No significant statistics
Flexion–extension 23.18 ± 8.18
Hand rotation around the wrist 14.92 ± 2.99
p value 0.002**
Modalities Total drawing time (s)
m ± SD
Drawing height (mm)
m ± SD
Drawing width (mm)
m ± SD
Total drawing length (mm)
m ± SD
Degree of inclination of the line
m ± SD
Displacement of the gesture Forearm rotation around the elbow 16.24 ± 9.83 20.13 ± 6.61 199.24 ± 5.3 16.95 ± 10.27 -0.82 ± 2.69
Lateral movement of the forearm and the elbow 18.97 ± 9.09 21.78 ± 8.35 197.12 ± 8.78 20.69 ± 10.32 -1.41 ± 2.96
Lateral movement of the trunk 16.5 ± 7.93 26.2 ± 8.3 200.8 ± 3.12 16.7 ± 8.01 -3.2 ± 2.3
Flexion–extension of the wrist 22.5 ± 9.19 45.5 ± 6.36 186.5 ± 12.02 24 ± 7.07 -9 ± 1.41
Rotation of the hand around the wrist 25.8 ± 14.03 15.9 ± 4.41 201.5 ± 2.88 27.6 ± 14.3 -0.8 ± 1.62
p value 0.04* 0.005** 0.03* 0.02* 0.02*

m mean, SD standard deviation.

*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.