Table 5.
Estimated Mean Annual Number and Rates of Influenza-associated Deaths in South Africa, 2013–2015
| Age Group | Influenza-associated Deaths | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | Medically Attendeda | Nonmedically Attendedb | ||||
| Number (95% CI) | Rateb (95% CI) | Number (95% CI) | Ratec (95% CI) | Number (95% CI) | Ratec (95% CI) | |
| All-respiratoryd | ||||||
| <1 | 356 (244–488) | 30.0 (20.6–41.2) | 178 (129–228) | 15.0 (10.9–19.2) | 178 (116–257) | 15.0 (9.8–21.7) |
| 1–4 | 140 (93–198) | 3.0 (2.0–4.3) | 70 (49–92) | 1.5 (1.1–2) | 70 (45–105) | 1.5 (1.0–2.3) |
| 5–24 | 114 (53–195) | 0.6 (0.3–1) | 56 (27–90) | 0.3 (0.1–0.5) | 58 (25–105) | 0.3 (0.1–0.5) |
| 25–44 | 873 (609–1221) | 5.2 (3.6–7.3) | 428 (312–564) | 2.5 (1.9–3.4) | 445 (297–654) | 2.6 (1.8–3.9) |
| 45–64 | 1057 (669–1532) | 12.3 (7.8–17.8) | 518 (340–704) | 6.0 (3.9–8.2) | 539 (330–823) | 6.3 (3.8–9.5) |
| ≥65 | 1353 (612–2286) | 44.8 (20.3–75.8) | 663 (311–1079) | 22.0 (10.3–35.8) | 690 (302–1202) | 22.9 (10.0–39.8) |
| <5 | 496 (335–690) | 8.6 (5.8–11.9) | 248 (176–322) | 4.3 (3.0–5.6) | 248 (160–364) | 4.3 (2.8–6.3) |
| ≥5 | 3397 (1994–5182) | 7.0 (4.1–10.7) | 1665 (1023–2401) | 3.4 (2.1–5.0) | 1732 (978–2767) | 3.6 (2–5.7) |
| All | 3893 (2393–5778) | 7.2 (4.4–10.7) | 1913 (1232–2678) | 3.5 (2.3–5.0) | 1980 (1167–3084) | 3.7 (2.2–5.7) |
| All-circulatorye | ||||||
| <1 | 24 (19–57) | 2.0 (1.6–4.8) | 16 (13–38) | 1.3 (1.1–3.2) | 8 (6–19) | 0.7 (0.5–1.6) |
| 1–4 | 33 (29–40) | 0.7 (0.6–0.9) | 22 (19–27) | 0.5 (0.4–0.6) | 11 (10–13) | 0.2 (0.2–0.3) |
| 5–24 | 26 (15–59) | 0.1 (0.1–0.3) | 11 (6–25) | 0.1 (0–0.1) | 15 (9–34) | 0.1 (0.0–0.2) |
| 25–44 | 267 (148–422) | 1.6 (0.9–2.5) | 115 (64–182) | 0.7 (0.4–1.1) | 152 (84–240) | 0.9 (0.5–1.4) |
| 45–64 | 821 (523–2097) | 9.5 (6.1–24.3) | 353 (225–901) | 4.1 (2.6–10.5) | 468 (298–1195) | 5.4 (3.5–13.9) |
| ≥65 | 1967 (765–3451) | 65.2 (25.4–114.4) | 846 (329–1484) | 28.0 (10.9–49.2) | 1121 (436–1967) | 37.2 (14.5–65.2) |
| <5 | 57 (48–99) | 1.0 (0.8–1.7) | 38 (32–66) | 0.7 (0.6–1.1) | 19 (16–33) | 0.3 (0.3–0.6) |
| ≥5 | 3081 (1519–6063) | 6.4 (3.1–12.6) | 1325 (653–2607) | 2.7 (1.4–5.4) | 1756 (866–3455) | 3.6 (1.8–7.2) |
| All | 3138 (1561–6138) | 5.8 (2.9–11.3) | 1363 (678–2666) | 2.5 (1.3–4.9) | 1775 (883–3472) | 3.3 (1.6–6.4) |
| Nonrespiratory and noncirculatorye | ||||||
| <1 | 572 (306–753) | 48.3 (25.8–63.5) | 246 (132–324) | 20.8 (11.1–27.3) | 326 (174–429) | 27.5 (14.7–36.2) |
| 1–4 | 105 (38–121) | 2.3 (0.8–2.6) | 45 (16–52) | 1.0 (0.3–1.1) | 60 (22–69) | 1.3 (0.5–1.5) |
| 5–24 | 267 (233–460) | 1.3 (1.2–2.3) | 96 (84–165) | 0.5 (0.4–0.8) | 171 (149–295) | 0.9 (0.8–1.5) |
| 25–44 | 1964 (1277–3652) | 11.7 (7.6–21.7) | 707 (460–1315) | 4.2 (2.7–7.8) | 1257 (817–2337) | 7.5 (4.9–13.9) |
| 45–64 | 758 (366–1449) | 8.8 (4.2–16.8) | 273 (132–522) | 3.2 (1.5–6.1) | 485 (234–927) | 5.6 (2.7–10.8) |
| ≥65 | 839 (332–1761) | 27.8 (11–58.4) | 302 (119–634) | 10.0 (3.9–21) | 537 (212–1127) | 17.8 (7–37.4) |
| <5 | 677 (330–867) | 11.7 (5.7–15) | 291 (142–373) | 5.0 (2.5–6.4) | 386 (188–494) | 6.7 (3.2–8.5) |
| ≥5 | 3828 (2091–7430) | 7.9 (4.3–15.4) | 1378 (753–2675) | 2.9 (1.6–5.5) | 2450 (1338–4755) | 5.1 (2.8–9.8) |
| All | 4505 (2418–8346) | 8.3 (4.5–15.4) | 1669 (896–3092) | 3.1 (1.7–5.7) | 2836 (1522–5254) | 5.2 (2.8–9.7) |
| All | ||||||
| <1 | 952 (570–1301) | 80.3 (48.1–109.8) | 440 (274–591) | 37.1 (23.1–49.9) | 512 (297–707) | 43.2 (25.1–59.6) |
| 1–4 | 278 (161–362) | 6.0 (3.5–7.9) | 137 (84–173) | 3.0 (1.8–3.8) | 141 (77–188) | 3.1 (1.7–4.1) |
| 5–24 | 407 (301–714) | 2.0 (1.5–3.6) | 163 (117–280) | 0.8 (0.6–1.4) | 244 (183–434) | 1.2 (0.9–2.2) |
| 25–44 | 3104 (2038–5304) | 18.5 (12.1–31.6) | 1250 (838–2065) | 7.4 (5–12.3) | 1854 (1201–3237) | 11 (7.1–19.3) |
| 45–64 | 2636 (1564–5089) | 30.6 (18.1–59.1) | 1144 (699–2132) | 13.3 (8.1–24.7) | 1492 (865–2951) | 17.3 (10.0–34.2) |
| ≥65 | 4159 (1713–7515) | 137.9 (56.8–249.1) | 1811 (762–3205) | 60.0 (25.3–106.2) | 2348 (952–4305) | 77.8 (31.6–142.7) |
| <5 | 1230 (715–1661) | 21.2 (12.3–28.7) | 577 (351–764) | 10.0 (6.1–13.2) | 653 (365–894) | 11.3 (6.3–15.4) |
| ≥5 | 10 306 (5619–18 713) | 21.3 (11.6–38.7) | 4368 (2436–7701) | 9.0 (5.0–15.9) | 5938 (3190–10 998) | 12.3 (6.6–22.8) |
| All | 11 536 (6390–20 305) | 21.3 (11.8–37.5) | 4945 (2815–8455) | 9.1 (5.2–15.6) | 6591 (3581–11 833) | 12.2 (6.6–21.9) |
Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval.
a
Medically attended deaths are defined as occurring in a hospital.
b
Nonmedically attended deaths are defined as occurring out of a hospital.
c
Rates expressed are per 100 000 individuals in the population.
d
Obtained from case-based surveillance at 5 facilities and extrapolated nationally.
e
Obtained using ratios of respiratory to nonrespiratory (ie, circulatory or nonrespiratory/noncirculatory), from ecological studies.